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121.
Dr. Friedrich Waismann 《Synthese》1939,4(1):395-406
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
122.
Friedrich Wulf 《Psychological research》1922,1(1):66-129
Ohne ZusammenfassungNr. I–IV dieser Beiträge sind in Buchform, Leipzig 1919, und früher in der Zeitschr. f. Psychol. 67, 72, 73, 82. 1913–19 erschienen (vgl. das Literaturverzeichnis am Ende dieser Arbeit). 相似文献
123.
Friedrich Waismann 《Erkenntnis》1930,1(1):228-248
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
124.
Friedrich Kraus 《Erkenntnis》1930,1(1):341-360
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
125.
126.
In a conditional discrimination each of two sample stimuli indicates which of two comparison stimuli is correct. When correct choice following each conditional stimulus is followed by a different outcome (one kind of food following one, a different kind of food following the other) it often facilitates acquisition and improves memory. In transfer designs, in which two different conditional discriminations are followed by the same two differential outcomes, outcome expectation can be shown to be sufficient for comparison choice. That is, the samples from one conditional discrimination are matched to comparisons from the other conditional discrimination based on the common outcomes alone. In the present study we asked if for pigeons the relative value of the differential outcomes (higher versus lower value) can serve as the basis for comparison choice, independent of other characteristics of the outcomes and of differential sample responding. That is, would different outcomes that could be described as “good” and “better” form two stimulus classes. For one conditional discrimination, the differential outcomes involved differential probability of reinforcement for choice of the correct comparison stimulus (0.80 vs. 0.20 for correct choice of the two comparisons, respectively). For the other conditional discrimination, the differential outcomes involved differential responding to the two comparison stimuli (5 pecks vs. 20 pecks to the correct comparisons, respectively). On test trials, when conditional stimuli from the two conditional discriminations were interchanged and the relative value of the differential outcomes could serve as the only basis for comparison choice, we found positive transfer. The results indicate that relational attributes of outcomes can serve as effective cues for comparison choice. 相似文献
127.
Otto Friedrich Bollnow 《Philosophia》2017,45(4):1399-1418
This essay comprises two chapters from the first part of Bollnow’s book on moods (Das Wesen der Stimmungen), namely the second chapter on the concept of Stimmung and the third chapter on Stimmungen as the sustaining foundation of the soul. It argues that moods constitute the simplest and most original form in which human life comes to know itself. Moods are understood as a specific harmony between, first, the inner and outer world; second, the states of the body and the soul; and, third, the individual faculties of the soul. Moods differ from emotions in the narrow sense, which are always intentionally directed towards a specific object, whereas moods do not have any specific object; they are states of being, structuring and coloring human existence as a whole. Hence, no system of moods is provided, but their extensive diversity is indicated. Furthermore, transient, unsteady, or “moody” moods (Launen) are distinguished from persistent or basic moods (beständige Lebensstimmungen). 相似文献
128.
129.
Friedrich Sixtl 《Psychometrika》1973,38(2):235-248
A probabilistic unfolding model is presented which makes it possible to scale stimuli and subjects simultaneously, without
assumptions concerning the distribution of subjects or of stimuli. The applicability of the model is demonstrated in areas
of attitude measurement where the assumption of normality is inadequate. 相似文献
130.