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481.
ABSTRACT— Compared with other objects, faces are processed more holistically and with a larger reliance on configural information. Such hallmarks of face processing can also be found for nonface objects as people develop expertise with them. Is this specifically a result of expertise individuating objects, or would any type of prolonged intensive experience with objects be sufficient? Two groups of participants were trained with artificial objects (Ziggerins). One group learned to rapidly individuate Ziggerins (i.e., subordinate-level training). The other group learned rapid, sequential categorizations at the basic level. Individuation experts showed a selective improvement at the subordinate level and an increase in holistic processing. Categorization experts improved only at the basic level, showing no changes in holistic processing. Attentive exposure to objects in a difficult training regimen is not sufficient to produce facelike expertise. Rather, qualitatively different types of expertise with objects of a given geometry can arise depending on the type of training. 相似文献
482.
Professor Violet T. Ho Sze‐Sze Wong 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2009,82(1):147-158
We tested the relationship between individuals' expertise recognition and work performance, the role of job resourcefulness (i.e. individuals' ability to garner resources to overcome obstacles) as a mediator, and network recognition as a moderator in the link between expertise recognition and job resourcefulness. We found that the positive impact of expertise recognition on work performance was mediated by job resourcefulness, but network recognition did not play a moderating role. 相似文献
483.
Two picture—word interference experiments were conducted to investigate the nature of effective phonological units in Cantonese
spoken word production. The names of the pictures were Cantonese monosyllables with a consonant 1 vowel 1 consonant (CVC)
structure. Participants’ picture-naming responses were faster when the target (e.g., “star” /sing1/) and the distractor shared
the same CVC component (e.g., /sing4/, meaning “city”), the same CV component (e.g., /sik6/, “eat”), or the same VC component
(e.g., /ging2/, “region”), as opposed to when they were unrelated, and the facilitation effects observed were comparable in
size. Also, similar facilitation effects were obtained across the CV1tone-related and the VC1tone-related conditions, whereas
no reliable effect was found in the V1tone-related condition. These results indicate that an effective phonological unit in
spoken word planning is neither a syllable (without tone) nor a segmental unit, and that the possible candidates lie between
the two, at least in Cantonese. 相似文献
484.
Shyh Shin Wong Tian P. S. Oei Rebecca P. Ang Boon Ooi Lee Aik Kwang Ng Veronica Leng 《Current Psychology》2007,26(2):109-120
This study explores two issues concerning the relationships between personality, meta-mood experience, life satisfaction,
and anxiety. First, it explored the incremental value of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and
Openness to Experience in predicting the three components of meta-mood experience (that is, attention to feelings, emotional
clarity, clarity of feelings and mood repair), after controlling for demographic variables across Australia and Singapore.
Second, it explored the incremental value of the three meta-mood experience components in predicting life satisfaction and
anxiety, after controlling for demographic variables and personality variables across the two countries. One hundred and eighty
nine tertiary students from Australia and 243 tertiary students from Singapore participated in this study. First, hierarchical
regression analyses for both samples suggested that Agreeableness and Neuroticism are the two most important personality predictors
of meta-mood experience, emotional attention, and emotional repair. Second, hierarchical regression analyses for both samples
suggested that emotional repair was a significant predictor for life satisfaction and anxiety, even after controlling for
demographic variables and personality variables. These results have implications for therapeutic interventions with life satisfaction
versus anxiety.
Funding for this research is facilitated partially by a research grant from the National Institute of Education. 相似文献
485.
Eric Rassin Peter Muris Ingmar Franken Maartje Smit Maggie Wong 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(1):60-67
Although indecisiveness seems to be a widespread problem, little empirical research has addressed its measurement. Frost and
Shows (1993; Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 683–692) introduced the Indecisiveness Scale (IS) as a measure of individual differences in general indecisiveness. Although
these authors conducted various psychometric analyses, some properties (e.g., factor structure, test-retest reliability) were
not investigated. In the present studies, several reliability and validity indices were computed. First, four of the fifteen
items of the IS were found to be omissible. Second, 4-week test-retest reliability was found to be satisfactory. Third, scores
on the IS were found to correlate meaningfully with a concurrent measure of decision making, and with various scales of psychopathology.
Lastly, in Study 4, the IS was found to predict scores on a behavioural measure of decision making, suggesting good predictive
validity. Overall, these findings suggest that the IS has good psychometric properties. 相似文献
486.
伴随着许多历史经验和教训,以基督教新教文明的兴起为思想和制度背景,充分保障每个人良心的自由不受逼迫和免予恐惧成为人类宪法权利的核心理念之一;与此相应,宗教自由及其真正实现不可缺乏的表达自由、结社自由等基本权利为各国宪法所承认。在这些宪法权利被确认之初,宗教在道德和公共生活中具有毋庸置疑的地位,而且是抹不去的底色。然而,20世纪以来,在地球上许多地区保有和出现宗教复兴的同时,对于主要以基督教文明为文化主体的西方社会,宗教在社会和政治问题上的作用却日益衰微,传统宗教似乎已经失去了其道德力量。有研究提到,在欧洲历史… 相似文献
487.
This study explores the relationships between four emotional competencies (i.e., intrapersonal skills, interpersonal skills, adaptability skills, and stress management skills) and four factors of maladjustment (i.e., antisocial behavior, anger control problems, emotional distress, and negative self problems) in 217 students from Singapore. Multiple regression findings indicated that stress management skills significantly predicted overall maladjustment, antisocial behavior, anger control problems, emotional distress, and negative self problems. With regard to the three remaining emotional competencies, interpersonal skills significantly predicted negative self problems, while intrapersonal skills and adaptability skills were not predictive of any of the four factors of maladjustment. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
488.
489.
490.
This paper explores the relationship between gender, academic achievement, and family functioning in a Chinese cultural background. Primary and secondary school students (n?=?1597) in Hong Kong participated in a survey questionnaire. Two competing hypotheses are derived and empirically tested based on the idea that parents are likely to have higher expectations toward their sons. First, when boys perform well academically, their parents might not feel particularly overjoyed because their sons simply achieved what they were expected to, which would not affect the parents’ attitudes within the family and thus the boys’ perceptions of the family. Second, when parents have such high expectations for their sons, they would feel particularly satisfied when the outcome fulfills their high expectations. The results indicated that boys did well academically to prevent their parents from potential disappointment, whereas parents were actually happier if their daughters overachieve because they have lower initial expectations. Such differences affected parents’ attitudes, family functioning, and thus adolescents’ view of family. The results of this study carry implications for the study of family functioning and parenting among Chinese families. In particular, parents should avoid having gender-based expectations toward their children, which could adversely affect how boys view their family. 相似文献