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631.
Fred D. Davis Richard P. Bagozzi Paul R. Warshaw 《Journal of applied social psychology》1992,22(14):1111-1132
Previous research indicates that perceived usefulness is a major determinant and predictor of intentions to use computers in the workplace. In contrast, the impact of enjoyment on usage intentions has not been examined. Two studies are reported concerning the relative effects of usefulness and enjoyment on intentions to use, and usage of, computers in the workplace. Usefulness had a strong effect on usage intentions in both Study 1, regarding word processing software (β=.68), and Study 2, regarding business graphics programs (β=.79). As hypothesized, enjoyment also had a significant effect on intentions in both studies, controlling for perceived usefulness (β=.16 and 0.15 for Studies 1 and 2, respectively). Study 1 found that intentions correlated 0.63 with system usage and that usefulness and enjoyment influenced usage behavior entirely indirectly through their effects on intentions. In both studies, a positive interaction between usefulness and enjoyment was observed. Together, usefulness and enjoyment explained 62% (Study 1) and 75% (Study 2) of the variance in usage intentions. Moreover, usefulness and enjoyment were found to mediate fully the effects on usage intentions of perceived output quality and perceived ease of use. As hypothesized, a measure of task importance moderated the effects of ease of use and output quality on usefulness but not on enjoyment. Several implications are drawn for how to design computer programs to be both more useful and more enjoyable in order to increase their acceptability among potential users. 相似文献
632.
633.
Fred J. Dorn 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1992,71(2):176-178
Historically, career and vocational counseling have served as cornerstones to the counseling profession. Still, there are several survey studies that indicate that interest in career counseling among counseling professionals has eroded. Conversely, there has been an overwhelming response from counselors to the idea of wellness. The intent of this article is to encourage practicing counselors and researchers to consider career development as a key ingredient in the conceptualization of wellness. Furthermore, it is imperative that we begin to assist clients in achieving this aspect of occupational wellness through the integration of career identity and personal identity. 相似文献
634.
Kevin Pang Fred Merkel Howard Egeth David S. Olton 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1992,51(6):607-615
We examined whether expectancy, one of several factors influencing attention, is similarly affected in rats and humans by manipulation of relative stimulus frequency, A two-choice reaction time (RT) task was developed for rats, and an analogous task was used for humans. Errors, RTs, discriminability, and response bias were measured. Both rats and humans shifted their response bias to the more frequent stimulus, with no change in overall discriminability. As stimulus probability or stimulus repetition increased, RTs and errors decreased. These results illustrate the similarity of expectancy in rats and humans. This two-choice RT task for rats can be used in future studies to examine the neuronal mechanisms of expectancy and attention. 相似文献
635.
Fred Smith 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1998,11(3):27-39
Science and technology are “good” things. Still, there are many good things that should not be done by government and there
are many other things that the private sector does far better. Government-funded research and development (R&D) falls into
both these categories.
Research funding is big business. In 1998, the Department of Health and Human Services received $13.1 billion, the National
Aeronautics & Space Administration $9.3 billion, the Department of Energy $5.6 billion, and the National Science Foundation
$2.3 billion. Newt Gingrich, still adhering to the Progressive dictum that “government does it better,” is now calling for
a doubling of current federal research expenditures.
This article will assess the theoretical arguments for government-funded research and examine specific research programs of
the Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency. Throughout, I will argue that private property rights, the
rule of law, and free markets are the greatest incentives to conduct scientific research; under-investment in R&D is due not
to market failure but to the failure to have markets.
a public interest group active in economic and environmental public policy issues. Located in Washington, D.C., CEI has a
web site at http://www.cei.org. Mr. Smith has debated free-market approaches to public problems as a guest on MacNeil/Lehrer, Crossfire, and 20/20. This article began as testimony before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, House Committee on Science, 25 March
1998.
National Science Foundation website. 相似文献
636.
Automated Measurement of Mouse Freezing Behavior and its Use for Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Contextual Fear Conditioning in (BALB/cJ × C57BL/6J)F2 Mice 下载免费PDF全文
Vernica S. Valentinuzzi Daniel E. Kolker Martha Hotz Vitaterna Kazuhiro Shimomura Andrew Whiteley Sharon Low-Zeddies Fred W. Turek Elenice A.M. Ferrari Richard Paylor Joseph S. Takahashi 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》1998,5(4):391-403
The most commonly measured mouse behavior in fear conditioning tests is freezing. A technical limitation, particularly for genetic studies, is the method of direct observation used for quantifying this response, with the potential for bias or inconsistencies. We report the use of a computerized method based on latency between photobeam interruption measures as a reliable scoring criterion in mice. The different computer measures obtained during contextual fear conditioning tests showed high correlations with hand-scored freezing; r values ranged from 0.87 to 0.94. Previously reported strain differences between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J in context-dependent fear conditioning were also detected by the computer-based system. In addition, the use of computer-scored freezing of 199 (BALB/cJ×C57BL/6J)F2 mice enabled us to detect a suggestive gender-dependent chromosomal locus for contextual fear conditioning on distal chromosome 8 by QTL analysis. Automation of freeze scoring would significantly increase efficiency and reliability of this learning and memory test. 相似文献
637.
Fred J. Kauffeld 《Argumentation》1998,12(2):245-266
This paper joins the voices warning against hasty transference of legal concepts of presumption to other kinds of argumentation, especially to deliberation about future acts and policies. Comparison of the pragmatics which respectively constitute the illocutionary acts of accusing and proposing reveals important differences in the ways presumptions prompt accusers and proposers to undertake probative responsibilities and, also, points to corresponding differences in their probative duties. This comparison has theoretically important implication regarding the norms governing persuasive argumentation. The paper is based on a broadly Gricean account of speech acts. 相似文献
638.
Susan G. Keys Fred Bemak Stephanie L. Carpenter Margaret E. King-Sears 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1998,76(2):123-133
School and community counselors have important roles in developing and implementing mental health programs for youths and families. Counselors who are working with the more complex issues of at-risk youths can enhance implementation of prevention programs by altering their roles to function within a collaborative consultation model. This model represents a new paradigm in that counselors interdependently and collaboratively partner with people previously considered their “consultees.” Such collaboration can result in more comprehensive and integrated programs, and it can prevent fragmentation and duplication of efforts. Collaborative consultation is described and contrasted with more traditional consultation models, and a 5-stage implementation process is presented. Personal and systemic factors that support the collaborative process are examined. 相似文献
639.
640.
Karen B. Schmaling Fred Wamboldt Liz Telford Kenneth B. Newman Hyman Hops J. Mark Eddy 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1996,3(3):211-218
Some asthmatics show evidence of airways reactivity triggered by strong emotions. Six case studies of married patients with severe asthma are reported. The videotaped interactions of the asthmatic and his/her spouse were coded for affect and behavior. Repeated measures of pulmonary function and affective state were recorded before and after two interaction tasks. Over the course of the experimental period, two patients' pulmonary function improved and four patients' deteriorated. In general, decreased pulmonary function was associated with more self-rated hostility and depression. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the intra- and interpersonal factors that are important in asthma management. 相似文献