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231.
Sale E Sambrano S Springer JF Peña C Pan W Kasim R 《American journal of community psychology》2005,36(3-4):195-205
Research regarding prevention strategies for Hispanic youth stress the importance of family interventions because of the particular
importance of family as a protective factor within the Hispanic community. Starting in 1995, the Center for Substance Abuse
Prevention conducted the National Cross-Site Evaluation of High Risk Youth Programs, a 5-year drug and alcohol prevention
study with a sample of approximately 10,500 youth, including nearly 3,000 Hispanic youth. Youth were surveyed regarding their
alcohol use patterns and risk and protective factors, with several measures of family relationships, including family connectedness,
family supervision, and parental attitudes toward their child's alcohol use. Analyses indicate that family factors are highly
linked to alcohol use among Hispanics, particularly among Hispanic females. Longitudinal growth curve analyses indicate that
improving the connections that young Hispanic females have to their parents can have positive long-term effects on delaying
or reducing their alcohol use.
This evaluation was conducted under the direction of Dr. Soledad Sambrano, Ph.D. of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
under contract #2777-95-5002 with EMT Associates, Inc. and ORC Macro. The views expressed herein represent the opinions and
analyses of the individual authors and may not necessarily reflect the opinions, official policy, or position of the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration,
or the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. 相似文献
232.
When normal participants are presented with written verbal short-term memory tasks (e.g., remembering a set of letters for immediate spoken recall) there is evidence to suggest that the information is re-coded into phonological form. This paper presents a single case study of MJK whose reading follows the pattern of phonological dyslexia. In short-term memory tasks MJK does not phonologically re-code written materials but, it is argued, uses a visual code. There are three main lines of evidence for this, (a) MJK tends to substitute visually similar items for one another, (b) her performance is better with visual than auditory stimuli, and (c) she is able to remember numbers (e.g., 8) better than written words (e.g., eight). Investigation of short-term memory in others with phonological dyslexia is warranted. 相似文献
233.
According to cognitive behavioural models of social phobia, bodily symptoms are the main source of information concerning social evaluation for social phobics. Experience and perception of bodily symptoms therefore play an important role in social anxiety. In this study we evaluated the effects of anxiety visibility on patients and controls using feedback of veridical heart sounds. A total of 32 social phobics and 32 controls were asked twice to sit in a chair and appear relaxed while being evaluated. Half of the participants heard their heart sounds first via headphones and then via loudspeakers which were also audible to observers. The presentation order of the heart sound was reversed for the other half of the subjects. Social phobics reported substantially more anxiety than controls. Both groups showed habituation in heart rate from the first to the second presentation, and both groups reported perception of a higher heart rate, but only social phobics reported significantly more anxiety and were more worried about their heart rates in the public than in the private condition. These effects were in excess of actual heart rate differences. In conclusion, social phobics worried about the broadcast of a bodily anxiety symptom, whereas controls did not. Information about arousal made public has a strong potential to increase anxiety levels in social phobics. 相似文献
234.
To date, few studies have sought to investigate the effects of child maltreatment and processes influencing maladaptation and resilience in Latino children. In the current investigation, multiple aspects of functioning, personal resources, and relationship features were examined in school-age maltreated and nonmaltreated Latino children. Maltreated Latino children were found to have fewer areas of resilient functioning. Ego-resiliency and ego-control, as personal resources, and the ability to form a positive relationship with an adult figure outside of the immediate family predicted resilience. However, certain aspects of interpersonal functioning were differentially related to resilience for maltreated and nonmaltreated Latino children. These findings have implications for understanding how resilience can be promoted in maltreated and nonmaltreated Latino children. 相似文献
235.
In this study, we interviewed 14 doctoral students from 10 COAMFTE-accredited doctoral programs to learn more about how they experienced their research training and what they might suggest to strengthen the research culture in their training programs. We solicited somewhat unconventional data--metaphors, poetry, free associations, critical experiences--to (a) tap into our participants' underlying thought processes, (b) capture the multifaceted nature of their doctoral research training, and (c) represent the richness of our participants' subjective experiences. The themes we identified reflect both positive and negative research training experiences and suggest several ways that family therapy program faculty might improve their programs' research training and culture. 相似文献
236.
Receiving instrumental support at work: when help is not welcome 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Deelstra JT Peeters MC Schaufeli WB Stroebe W Zijlstra FR van Doornen LP 《The Journal of applied psychology》2003,88(2):324-331
Although the role of social support in promoting employees' health and well-being has been studied extensively, the evidence is inconsistent, sometimes even suggesting that social support might have negative effects. The authors examined some psychological processes that might explain such effects. On the basis of the threat-to-self-esteem model, the authors tested the hypothesis that receiving imposed support elicits negative reactions, which are moderated by someone's need for support. The authors distinguished 3 different reactions: (a) self-related, (b) interaction-related, and (c) physiological. The results of an experiment with 48 temporary administrative workers generally confirmed the hypothesis. Imposed support elicited negative reactions, except when there was an unsolvable problem, but even then the effect of imposed support was not positive but neutral. 相似文献
237.
Busch F 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2003,72(1):201-215
Significant components of psychoanalytic technique, and the theory that underlies it, seem to remain buried in our past, but are central to the growth of psychoanalysis as a treatment method based on understanding a patient's mind. By updating technique based on a theory of mind with structure, the author views the increasing freedom of the patient's mind as central to the curative process, and takes the position that in interpretive work, the analyst needs to pay more attention to the patient's capacity to meaningfully receive and integrate the analyst's interventions. 相似文献
238.
The Long-Term Neurocognitive Consequences of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: A 14-Year Study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ann P. Streissguth Helen M. Barr Fred L. Bookstein Paul D. Sampson & Heather Carmichael Olson 《Psychological science》1999,10(3):186-190
Prenatal alcohol exposure, at doses not generally associated with maternal alcohol problems, produces a broad array of neurocognitive deficits in offspring even in the absence of effects on growth and morphology. This report presents a summary of neurobehavioral, growth, and morphology findings from long-term follow-up of a birth cohort of 500 from apopulation-based study that has revealed attention, memory, and information processing deficits from birth through 14 years. Also observed (from school age through 14 years) have been problems with antisocial and delinquent behaviors, and classroom learning and behaviors; some of these problems may be secondary to earlier neurocognitive disabilities. Continuing research in behavioral and neurobehavioral teratology provides important opportunities for the neurosciences and for improved health of future generations. 相似文献
239.
Fred Carden 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1998,10(4):67-76
This article explores issues in the evaluation of research through an examination of the situation in the field of international development. It is increasingly recognized that traditional evaluation, which served largely a policing function, is not useful in assessing the impact of the development research process. It is argued that the role and perception of evaluation must change if it is to provide a reflection of the learning which takes place in research. The field of international development research provides a rich ground in which to explore the argument. The field is subject to the difficulties of evaluating research and to the difficulties of evaluating development—in both cases, we are dealing with long time frames and the influence of many factors other than the activity itself. If evaluation is to serve a learning function, then the shift must be to a purpose ofempowerment. This article explores the changes which are implicit in such a shift through an examination of three key areas: changing perspectives on evaluation; changing patterns in development; and changing patterns in research for development. 相似文献
240.
There have been few empirical studies of Vietnamese Amerasians, children fathered by United States servicemen and civilians during the Vietnam War. In this study, the authors investigated pre- and postmigration variables that predict psychological distress and self-destructive behavior. The sample (N = 169) was selected from 10 cities throughout the United States. Multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of distress. Results revealed that observing traumatic events rather than actually experiencing trauma was a significant predictor of psychological distress. Participants with frequent cognitions about loss of significant people, places, or both were more likely to report psychological distress and self-destructive behavior. Implications for research and practice are discussed in relationship to cross-cultural counseling with at-risk populations, including individuals from inner cities and war-stricken environments. 相似文献