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181.
182.
Fred L. Royer 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1966,1(5):311-314
The time required for 24 Ss to sort four decks of cards composed of 5-dot figures (Garner & Clement, 1963) was measured. A deck consisted of 32 cards: 4 each of 8 patterns. There were 4 sets of figures: Sets A1 and A2 had identical amount and form of redundancy; so also did B1 and B2. Sets B1 and B2, having more uncertainty in simple contingencies and having negative interaction terms, required significantly more time to sort than Sets A1 and A2. All sets differed in mean ratings of figural goodness, (Garner & Clement, 1963). Even when amount and form of redundancy are held constant, the figural goodness of the individual figures constituting the set influence the discriminability. Sets consisting of good or simpler figures are easier to sort. 相似文献
183.
184.
Both Nietzsche and Merleau-Ponty repudiate the mirror view of perception and embrace what Nietzsche refers to as solar love or creative perception. I argue that Merleau-Ponty thinks of this type of perception primarily in terms of convergence and Nietzsche in terms of divergence. I then show how, contrary to their own emphases, Merleau-Ponty's notion of flesh and Nietzsche's idea of chaos suggest that convergence and divergence are abstractions from an ontologically prior realm of hybrid perceptions. In this realm, each perception is shot through with the others, simultaneously inside and outside one another. The creative tension among these perceptions continually produces new perspectives or voices, that is, a realm whose very being is metamorphosis. Moreover, this realm of hybrid perceptions suggests a political principle that might prove attractive for communities in an age of diversity and cultural hybridity. 相似文献
185.
186.
Fred Dretske 《Erkenntnis》2004,61(2-3):173-186
Externalism about knowledge commits one to a modest form of contextualism: whether one knows depends (or may depend) on circumstances (context) of which one has no knowledge. Such modest contextualism requires the rejection of the KK Principle (If S knows that P, then S knows that S knows that P) - something most people would want to reject anyway - but it does not require (though it is compatible with) a rejection of closure. Radical contextualism, on the other hand, goes a step farther and relativizes knowledge not just to the circumstances of the knower, but to the circumstances of the person attributing knowledge. I reject this more radical form of contextualism and suggest that it confuses (or that it can, at least, be avoided by carefully distinguishing) the relativity in what S is said to know from the relativity in whether S knows what S is said to know. 相似文献
187.
Group membership is analyzed from the perspective of developmental theory. Maladaptive or nontransitional uses of the groups of everyday life, such as work and social groups as well as therapy groups, are discussed and illustrated with clinical examples. It is recommended that therapists pay attention to the nature and meaning of their patients' involvements in these sorts of groups, keeping in mind that the meanings of such affiliations are particularly influenced by developmental factors. 相似文献
188.
The efficacy of Toddler-Parent Psychotherapy (TPP) as a preventive intervention for fostering cognitive development in the offspring of depressed mothers was evaluated. Mothers with major depressive disorder and their toddlers were randomly assigned to TPP (n = 43) or to a nonintervention group (n = 54) and compared to a control group (n = 61) of women with no current or past mental disorder. At baseline (age 20 months), the groups did not differ on the Bayley Mental Development Index. At post-intervention follow-up (age 3 years), a relative decline in IQ was found in the depressed nonintervention group, whereas the depressed intervention and the normal control groups continued to be equivalent, with higher WPPSI-R Full Scale and Verbal IQs. The worst outcome was found among nonintervention children whose mothers had subsequent depressive episodes. The results confirm the developmental risks faced by offspring of depressed mothers and support the efficacy of the preventive intervention in safeguarding successful cognitive development in at-risk youngsters. 相似文献
189.
One of the fundamental properties of spatial vision is the ability to localize objects in space. According to a recent proposal,
accurate localization performance involves the operation of two systems: the attention system and the eye movement system.
Upon stimulus presentation, attention is shifted to the target area: this provides coarse location information. Subsequently,
a saccadic eye movement is executed: this provides fine location information. In this study we tested predictions derived
from this model concerning the effects of precue information on localization performance. In a series of five experiments
we manipulated duration of precue (71, 400, and 1,000 ms) and type of precue (spatial versus symbolic). Results showed that
very short duration (i.e., 71 ms) spatial precues improved localization performance whereas very short duration symbolic precues
did not. In contrast, the 1,000 ms duration precue condition showed similar amounts of precuing benefit for the spatial and
symbolic precues. This pattern of differential precuing effects corroborated the two-process model of localization performance.
Received: 24 June 1999 / Accepted: 28 January 2000 相似文献
190.
Griffin FL 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2004,73(3):683-715
Beginning with Freud, psychoanalysts have discovered media through which they may achieve a self-analytic experience (for example, by use of dreams, fantasies, reveries, memories, and even visual images). Each of these media is a kind of "fiction" created by the analyst that provides an imaginative space where he or she may gain access to unconscious life. The author demonstrates how a generative self-analytic experience may be accomplished through the medium of psychoanalytic writing: a fictional autobiographical form of writing through which a self-analytic experience is created that has much in common with the analytic experience created by the analyst and analysand. 相似文献