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761.
Annie Renouf Mara Brendgen Jean R. Séguin Frank Vitaro Michel Boivin Ginette Dionne Richard E. Tremblay 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1109-1123
This study investigated the relation between theory of mind and reactive and proactive aggression, respectively, as well as
the moderating role of peer victimization in this context. The 574 participants were drawn from a longitudinal study of twins.
Theory of mind was assessed before school entry, when participants were 5 years old. Reactive and proactive aggression as
well as peer victimization were assessed a year later in kindergarten. Results from multilevel regression analyses revealed
that low theory of mind was related to a high level of reactive aggression, but only in children who experienced average to
high levels of peer victimization. In contrast, a high theory of mind was related to a high level of proactive aggression.
Again, this relation was especially pronounced in children who experienced high levels of peer victimization. These findings
challenge the social skills deficit view of aggression and provide support for a multidimensional perspective of aggressive
behavior. 相似文献
762.
Miranda Witvliet Mara Brendgen Pol A. C. van Lier Hans M. Koot Frank Vitaro 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1045-1056
This study examined whether clique isolation predicted an increase in depressive symptoms and whether this association was
mediated by loneliness and perceived social acceptance in 310 children followed from age 11–14 years. Clique isolation was
identified through social network analysis, whereas depressive symptoms, loneliness, and perceived social acceptance were
assessed using self ratings. While accounting for initial levels of depressive symptoms, peer rejection, and friendlessness
at age 11 years, a high probability of being isolated from cliques from age 11 to 13 years predicted depressive symptoms at
age 14 years. The link between clique isolation and depressive symptoms was mediated by loneliness, but not by perceived social
acceptance. No sex differences were found in the associations between clique isolation and depressive symptoms. These results
suggest that clique isolation is a social risk factor for the escalation of depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Implications
for research and prevention are discussed. 相似文献
763.
Pauline W. Jansen Hein Raat Johan P. Mackenbach Vincent W. V. Jaddoe Albert Hofman Floor V. van Oort Frank C. Verhulst Henning Tiemeier 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1151-1164
In many societies the prevalence of behavioural problems in school-aged children varies by national origin. We examined the association between national origin and behavioural problems in 1½-year-old children. Data on maternal national origin and the Child Behavior Checklist for toddlers (n?=?4943) from a population-based cohort in the Netherlands were used. Children from various non-Dutch backgrounds all had a significantly higher mean behavioural problem score. After adjustment for family risk factors, like family income and maternal psychopathology, the differences attenuated, but remained statistically significant. Non-Dutch mothers with immigration risk factors, such as older age at immigration or no good Dutch language skills, reported significantly more behavioural problems in their offspring. In conclusion, the present study indicated more behavioural problems in immigrant toddlers from various backgrounds. Researchers and policymakers aiming to tackle disparities in behavioural problems should take into account that risks associated with national origin are intertwined with unfavourable family and immigration characteristics. 相似文献
764.
A Dual Process Model (DPM) approach to prejudice proposes that there should be at least two dimensions of generalized prejudice relating to outgroup stratification and social perception, which should be differentially predicted by Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). The current study assessed the causal effects of SDO and RWA on three dimensions of prejudice using a full cross‐lagged longitudinal sample (N = 127). As expected, RWA, but not SDO, predicted prejudice towards ‘dangerous’ groups, SDO, but not RWA, predicted prejudice towards ‘derogated’ groups, and both RWA and SDO predicted prejudice towards ‘dissident’ groups. Results support previously untested causal predictions derived from the DPM and indicate that different forms of prejudice result from different SDO‐ and RWA‐based motivational processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
765.
Frank D. Belschak Deanne N. Den Hartog Doris Fay 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2010,83(2):267-273
This article is an introduction to the Special Section entitled ‘Exploring positive, negative and context‐dependent aspects of proactive behaviours at work’ which features in this issue of Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 相似文献
766.
767.
Elise Klein Korbinian Moeller Katharina Dressel Frank Domahs Guilherme Wood Hans-Christoph Nuerk 《Acta psychologica》2010,135(1):67-76
Recent research has suggested addition performance to be determined by both the need for a carry operation and problem size. Nevertheless, it has remained debatable, how these two factors are interrelated. In the current study, this question was pursued by orthogonally manipulating carry and problem size in two-digit addition verification. As the two factors interacted reliably, our results indicate that the carry effect is moderated by number magnitude processing rather than representing a purely procedural, asemantic sequence of processing steps. Moreover, it was found that the carry effect may not be a purely categorical effect but may be driven by continuous characteristics of the sum of the unit digits as well. Since the correct result of a carry problem can only be derived by integrating and updating the magnitudes of tens and units within the place-value structure of the Arabic number system, the present study provides evidence for the idea that decomposed processing of tens and units also transfers to mental arithmetic. 相似文献
768.
When evaluating the moral character of others, people show a strong bias to more heavily weigh behaviors at the end of an individual’s life, even if those behaviors arise in light of an overwhelmingly longer duration of contradictory behavior. Across four experiments, we find that this “end-of-life” bias uniquely applies to intentional changes in behavior that immediately precede death, and appears to result from the inference that the behavioral change reflects the emergence of the individual’s “true self”. 相似文献
769.
770.
Recent studies indicate that expertise with objects can interfere with face processing. Although competition occurs between faces and objects of expertise, it remains unclear whether this reflects an expertise-specific bottleneck or the fact that objects of expertise grab attention and thereby consume more central resources. We investigated the perceptual costs of expertise by measuring visual thresholds for identifying targets embedded within RSVP sequences presented at varying temporal rates. Car experts and novices searched for face targets among face and car distractors, or watch targets among watch and car distractors. Remarkably, car experts were slower than novices at identifying faces among task-irrelevant cars, yet faster than novices at identifying watches among cars. This suggests that car expertise leads to greater functional overlap between cars and faces while reducing the functional overlap between cars and objects, a result incompatible with the notion of an encapsulated module for exclusive processing of faces. 相似文献