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181.
Cosimo Urgesi Livia Fornasari Francesca Canalaz Laura Perini Silvana Cremaschi Laura Faleschini Erica Zappoli Thyrion Martina Zuliani Matteo Balestrieri Franco Fabbro Paolo Brambilla 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2014,105(4):486-508
Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) suffer from severe disturbances of body perception. It is unclear, however, whether such disturbances are linked to specific alterations in the processing of body configurations with respect to the local processing of body part details. Here, we compared a consecutive sample of 12 AN patients with a group of 12 age‐, gender‐ and education‐matched controls using an inversion effect paradigm requiring the visual discrimination of upright and inverted pictures of whole bodies, faces and objects. The AN patients presented selective deficits in the discrimination of upright body stimuli, which requires configural processing. Conversely, patients and controls showed comparable abilities in the discrimination of inverted bodies, which involves only detail‐based processing, and in the discrimination of both upright and inverted faces and objects. Importantly, the body inversion effect negatively correlated with the persistence scores at the Temperament and Character Inventory, which evaluates increased tendency to convert a signal of punishment into a signal of reinforcement. These results suggest that the deficits of configural processing in AN patients may be associated with their obsessive worries about body appearance and to the excessive attention to details that characterizes their general perceptual style. 相似文献
182.
This study investigated the orienting of visual attention in rats using a 3-hole nose-poke task analogous to Posner, Information processing in cognition: the Loyola Symposium, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, (1980) covert attention task for humans. The effects of non-predictive (50% valid and 50% invalid) and predictive (80% valid and 20% invalid) peripheral visual cues on reaction times and response accuracy to a target stimulus, using Stimuli-Onset Asynchronies (SOAs) varying between 200 and 1,200 ms, were investigated. The results showed shorter reaction times in valid trials relative to invalid trials for both subjects trained in the non-predictive and predictive conditions, particularly when the SOAs were 200 and 400 ms. However, the magnitude of this validity effect was significantly greater for subjects exposed to predictive cues, when the SOA was 800 ms. Subjects exposed to invalid predictive cues exhibited an increase in omission errors relative to subjects exposed to invalid non-predictive cues. In contrast, valid cues reduced the proportion of omission errors for subjects trained in the predictive condition relative to subjects trained in the non-predictive condition. These results are congruent with those usually reported for humans and indicate that, in addition to the exogenous capture of attention promoted by both predictive and non-predictive peripheral cues, rats exposed to predictive cues engaged an additional slower process equivalent to human's endogenous orienting of attention. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an endogenous-like process of covert orienting of visual attention in rats. 相似文献
183.
Sathiyaprakash?RamdossEmail author Russell?Lang Austin?Mulloy Jessica?Franco Mark?O’Reilly Robert?Didden Giulio?Lancioni 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2011,20(1):55-76
The purpose of this review is to provide a systematic analysis of studies involving the use of computer-based interventions
(CBI) to teach communication skills to children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This review evaluates intervention outcomes,
appraises the certainty of evidence, and describes software and system requirements for each included study. This review has
three main aims: (a) to evaluate the evidence-base regarding CBI, (b) to inform and guide practitioners interested in using
CBI, and (c) to stimulate and guide future research aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of CBI in communication
for individuals with ASD. Results suggest that CBI should not yet be considered a researched-based approach to teaching communication
skills to individuals with ASD. However, CBI does seem a promising practice that warrants future research. 相似文献
184.
Franco Montagna 《Studia Logica》2012,100(1-2):289-317
In this paper we investigate the connections between quantifier elimination, decidability and Uniform Craig Interpolation in Δ-core fuzzy logics added with propositional quantifiers. As a consequence, we are able to prove that several propositional fuzzy logics have a conservative extension which is a Δ-core fuzzy logic and has Uniform Craig Interpolation. 相似文献
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Franco Palazzi 《Philosophia》2015,43(3):915-915
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Marisa Franco Karen M. O'Brien 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2020,48(2):83-94
Multiracial people experience an accumulation of racial stress for both their minority and their multiracial identities, yet no research has examined the physiological impact of this stress. This within-groups experimental study examined whether two race-related stressors—identity invalidation and discrimination from family—affect cardiovascular reactivity for Black/White multiracial adults (N = 60). The authors found a Condition × Phase interaction effect indicating that discrimination from family affected blood pressure. Invalidation had no effect on blood pressure. Las personas multirraciales experimentan una acumulación de estrés racial tanto a causa de su identidad multirracial como de su identidad como minoría, pero no hay investigaciones que hayan examinado el impacto psicológico de este estrés. Este estudio experimental dentro de grupos examinó si dos factores causantes de estrés relacionados con la raza (la invalidación de la identidad y la discriminación por parte de la familia) afectan a la reactividad cardiovascular de personas adultas multirraciales blancas/negras (N = 60). Los autores hallaron un efecto de interacción Condición × Fase que indica que la discriminación por parte de la familia tuvo un efecto sobre la presión sanguínea. La invalidación no tuvo efecto sobre la presión sanguínea. 相似文献