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131.
Gabrielle F. Principe Francisco B. Debaran Allison Stouch 《Applied cognitive psychology》2011,25(5):727-738
Adults appear to recognize that different memory sharing contexts, such as telling a story to a friend at a party versus providing eyewitness testimony, vary in their accuracy demands and adjust their retellings accordingly. There is less evidence that children are able to make the same distinctions. In the present two‐part experiment, we first tested 6–8‐year‐old children's beliefs about the accuracy requirements of different memory sharing contexts that varied on the listener's implicit expectation about accuracy. Children were then read a short story and were given retelling instructions that emphasized accuracy or entertainment. Results from the first task indicated that children evidence a significant truth bias, suggesting that they believe accurate retellings are preferred regardless of context. Despite this, children did appear to adjust their retellings as a function of context, with retellings in the high accuracy condition including more verbatim and less error statements. Finally, children who evidenced a stronger truth bias were less likely to employ the language of storytelling by producing lower‐quality narratives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
132.
We investigated how situational (gain–loss), informational (opportunity–threat framing) and dispositional (achievement motive and avoidance motive) variables affected opportunity–threat perception and risky choice in managerial decision-making contexts. In Study 1, the risk preference of the participants showed a reflection effect due to situational differences (gain or loss) and a partial framing effect caused by presenting the same choice information in terms of either opportunities or threats. However, both effects were in the opposite direction of predictions from prospect theory. Gains and positive framing enhanced risk-seeking preference whereas losses and negative framing augmented risk-averse preference. Risk-seeking choices were mediated by opportunity perception whereas risk-averse choices were mediated by threat perception. In Study 2, the participants high in achievement motive perceived greater opportunities in a negative situation, and the participants high in avoidance motive perceived greater threats in a positive situation, suggesting that ambition (achievement motive) operates more significantly in the face of adversities whereas cautiousness (avoidance motive) functions more significantly in prosperity. 相似文献
133.
X. Zhao;R. Hu;Y. Liu;Y. He;S. Li;J. Yang;J. Zhou;J. Zhang; 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2024,75(4):881-887
Lactobacillus paracasei SLP 16 was obtained from liquor cellar mud, and it was analysed by genome sequencing on Illumina Hiseqq platform. Then the biological information of L. paracasei SLP16 was analysed by ExPasy (website), and the toxin safety of the strain SLP 16 was analysed by PSI/PHI in the virulence factor database VFDB. Through the second-generation DNA sequencing platform technology, the whole genome information of L. paracasei SLP16 was obtained, which showed that the genome size of the strain SLP 16 was 2·65 mol l−1, and the GC content of the strain SLP 16 was 46·9%. And a total of 3131 genes were detected, including 3067 genes encoding protein and 63 genes encoding RNA. Whole genome analysis showed that L. paracasei SLP16 had five coding genes of F0F1-ATPase, four coding genes of Na+/H+ antiporter and three coding genes of A-ATPase, which were closely related to the acid tolerance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Whole genome analysis of L. paracasei SLP16 showed that SLP 16 had only one CFA synthetic coding gene, and no important BSH coding gene; however, it had F0F1-ATPase, Na+/H+ antiporter and several two-component regulatory systems, and which were related to bile salt tolerance of LAB. Safety evaluation in L. paracasei SLP16 showed that it did not have the virulence factor coding gene related to toxin. Common antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that L. paracasei SLP16 was resistant to compounds such as sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and lincomycin. In summary, L. paracasei SLP16 had coding genes closely related to acid tolerance and bile salt tolerance, and no coding gene of virulence factors related to toxins, and few kinds of resistant antibiotics. Therefore, whole genome analysis showed that L. paracasei SLP16 was a safe probiotic strain that can be safely applied. 相似文献
134.
J. Hou;J. Long;J. Xiang;W. Pan;D. Li;X. Liu; 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2024,75(5):1182-1192
To analyse the correlation between the intestinal microbiota (IM) and differential development of Quasipaa spinosa across different stages of metamorphosis, we focused on four key developmental periods (15 days post-hatch [dph; Gosner stage, GS23], 60 dph [GS25], 90 dph [GS41] and 150 dph [GS25, GS41, GS42, GS46]) and used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results showed that IM diversity in Q. spinosa was related to life history. Specifically, there was a significant difference between the aquatic and terrestrial stages, and IM diversity increased with age. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in tadpoles, whereas Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were the dominant phyla at the metamorphosis stages. The composition of the IM at different stages and ages varied considerably, but the changes were not substantial among different development stages at 150 dph. This was probably because age has a greater influence than growth factors, and host selective pressure increases with age. This study provides a theoretical reference for subsequent studies on the IM, as well as for the prevention of amphibian endogenous pathogenic microbial diseases. 相似文献
135.
Patrícia Arriaga Francisco Esteves Paula Carneiro Maria Benedicta Monteiro 《Aggressive behavior》2006,32(2):146-158
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the impact of violent computer games on state hostility, state anxiety and arousal. Participants were undergraduate students, aged from 18 to 25 years. Before the experimental sessions, participants filled in self‐report measures concerning their video game habits and were also pre‐tested for aggressiveness and trait anxiety. Physiological responses (heart rate and skin conductance) were measured during the experiment. After playing, information about state hostility and state anxiety was collected. The results showed that participants who played the violent game reported significantly higher state hostility, and support the assumption that an aggressive personality moderates the effect of playing a violent game on state hostility. Aggr. Behav. 32:146–158. 2006 © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
136.
Patrícia Arriaga Francisco Esteves Paula Carneiro Maria Benedicta Monteiro 《Aggressive behavior》2006,32(4):358-371
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the impact of violent computer games on state hostility, state anxiety and arousal. Participants were undergraduate students, aged from 18 to 25 years old. Before the experimental sessions, participants filled in self‐report measures concerning their video game habits and were also pre‐tested for aggressiveness and trait anxiety. Physiological responses (heart rate and skin conductance) were measured during the experiment. After playing, information about state hostility and state anxiety was collected. The results showed that participants who played the violent game reported significantly higher state hostility and support the assumption that an aggressive personality moderates the effect of playing a violent game on state hostility. Aggr. Behav. 32:358–371. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
137.
GABA‐A receptor is a transmembrane hetero‐oligomeric protein which consists of five subunits, the combination of which confers unique pharmacological properties to the receptor. It is well‐known that the GABAergic system is involved in the modulation of aggression. However, the role of α5/GABA‐A receptors has not been explored. In this study, we examined the effect of L‐655,708 (0.625‐5 mg/kg), a selective ligand for the benzodiazepine site of GABA‐A receptors which contain the α5 subunit, on agonistic behavior elicited by isolation in male mice. Individually housed mice were exposed to an anosmic “standard opponent” 30 min after drug administration, and the encounters were videotaped and evaluated using an ethologically based analysis. L‐655,708 (5 mg/kg) exhibited an ethopharmacological profile characterized by a marked reduction of the time spent in offensive behavior (threat and attack) without affecting immobility, accompanied by a significant increase of avoidance/flee and nonsocial exploration behaviors, suggesting that the antiaggressive effect of the drug is unselective. Overall, this behavioral profile might indicate the existence of an anxiogenic‐like activity of L‐655,708 in mice. Aggr. Behav. 30:319–325, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
138.
Francisco Palacio Espasa 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2002,83(4):825-836
This article considers the problem of depressive conflict (DC) and the difficulties that arise in integrating aggression towards the object of libidinal cathexis. This conflict results, in particular, from the destructive omnipotence that infantile fantasies attribute to the aggression. In order to better clarify Klein's very broad concept of the depressive position, three levels of severity of depressive conflict are proposed, depending on the type of fantasies concerning the loss of the object that predominate in the individual. These are: fantasies of catastrophic and irreparable destruction of the object ('parapsychotic' DC); fantasies of death and serious damage of the object ('para-depressive' DC); and fantasies of rejection and loss of the love of the object ('para-neurotic' DC). Having looked at these theoretical hypotheses, their implications for technique will then be considered, particularly the importance of focusing the interpretation on guilt feelings rather than on drives in the transferential relationship. A clinical example drawn from the work of Klein and a clinical vignette of a particularly difficult analysis illustrate this technical hypothesis. 相似文献
139.
Enrique Bign Alcaiz Silvia Sanz Blas Francisco Torn Torres 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2006,5(5):397-410
- This paper analyses the teleshopping issue in terms of the Media Dependency Theory. The objective is to verify whether dependency relations between television shoppers and the television medium and television shopping are key variables to explain watching and buying behaviour. A model is proposed that integrates the dependency‐viewing‐purchase relation, tested on a sample of Spanish television shoppers. The results of the study confirm the direct relationship between the antecedents of dependency, dependency and future intentions of behaviour.
140.