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681.
The challenges of dealing with disclosure of HIV status cause frustration to health care providers and counselors. This frustration
follows from the already known high risk to the third party on one hand and our ethical obligation to “respect persons” in
terms of privacy and confidentiality on the other side. Given the stubbornly low rates of voluntary disclosure (partner notification)
among couples, however, it is quite tempting to suggest a paradigm of routine third party disclosure to identifiable sexual
partners by health care providers. This might be the lesser of the two evils and might give better public health outcomes
in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. 相似文献
682.
Joseph-Matthew Mfutso-Bengo Eva-Maria Mfutso-Bengo Francis Masiye 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2008,29(5):349-356
HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns have been overshadowed by conflicting, competing, and contradictory views between those who
support condom use as a last resort and those who are against it for fear of promoting sexual immorality. We argue that abstinence
and faithfulness to one partner are the best available moral solutions to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Of course, deontologists
may argue that condom use might appear useful and effective in controlling HIV/AIDS; however, not everything that is useful
is always good. In principle, all schools of thought and faith seem to agree on the question of faithfulness for married couples
and abstinence for those who are not married. But they differ on condom use. On the ground, the situation is far more complex.
We simply lack a single, entirely reliable way to resolve all disagreements regarding HIV/AIDS prevention strategies.
相似文献
Joseph-Matthew Mfutso-BengoEmail: |
683.
Paul Ndebele Joseph Mfutso-Bengo Francis Masiye 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2008,29(5):331-340
The principle of individual medical confidentiality is one of the moral principles that Africa inherited unquestioningly from
the West as part of Western medicine. The HIV/AIDS pandemic in Southern Africa has reduced the relevance of the principle
of individual medical confidentiality. Individual medical confidentiality has especially presented challenges for practitioners
among the Bantu communities that are well known for their social inter-connectedness and the way they value their extended
family relations. Individual confidentiality has raised several unforeseen problems for persons living with HIV/AIDS, ranging
from stigma and isolation to feelings of dejection as it drives them away from their families as a way of trying to keep information
about their conditions confidential. The involvement of family members in treatment decisions is in line with the philosophy
of Ubuntu and serves to respect patients’ and families’ autonomy while at the same time benefiting the individual patient. 相似文献
684.
685.
Darryl Bruce Kimberly Phillips‐Grant L. Amber Wilcox‐O'Hearn John A. Robinson Lori Francis 《Applied cognitive psychology》2007,21(3):307-324
Adults described and dated two kinds of personal remembrances: a fragment—a memory moment that is largely bereft of context—and an episodic, personal event memory—a narrative that consists of a number of related events. In Experiment 1 subjects reported memories from when they were 0–8 years of age and in Experiment 2, from when they were 0–16 years of age. Fragments were judged to be older than event memories, especially in Experiment 2 where the estimated ages of most fragments were from 0 to 8 years and of most episodic memories, from 8 to 16 years. Ratings of various features of the two kinds of memories also differed. We conclude that isolated memory moments possess validity and that although they are most likely to arise when the autobiographical memory system is not fully developed, they can also originate during a time when it is. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
686.
Baudry F 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2007,76(2):583-608
This paper examines The Art of Painting, by Johannes Vermeer, to demonstrate how a great artist portrays the realm of imagination and creativity. The crucial points of entry for psychoanalysis reside in two sets of details in the painting that have generally been neglected by art historians: first, the contrast between the realistic rendering of certain parts of the work and the fuzzy, ambiguous nature of other elements; and second, the pervasiveness of the theme of absence in the manifest content. The author refers to some of Winnicott's and Lacan's concepts, particularly the connection between absence and desire as a spur to creativity. 相似文献
687.
Many experiments in psychology yield both reaction time and accuracy data. However, no off-the-shelf methods yet exist for
the statistical analysis of such data. One particularly successful model has been the diffusion process, but using it is difficult
in practice because of numerical, statistical, and software problems. We present a general method for performing diffusion
model analyses on experimental data. By implementing design matrices, a wide range of across-condition restrictions can be
imposed on model parameters, in a flexible way. It becomes possible to fit models with parameters regressed onto predictors.
Moreover, data analytical tools are discussed that can be used to handle various types of outliers and contaminants. We briefly
present an easy-touse software tool that helps perform diffusion model analyses. 相似文献
688.
Beckwith Francis J. 《Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality》2007,13(2):159-170
The ascendancy of Christian activism in bioethical policy debateshas elicited a number of responses by critics of this activism.These critics typically argue that the public square ought toembrace Secular Liberalism (SL), a perspective that its proponentsmaintain is the most just arrangement in a pluralist society,even though SL places restraints on Christian activists thatare not placed on similarly situated citizens who hold moreliberal views on bioethical questions. The author critiquesthree arguments that are offered to defend SL: (1) the goldenrule contract argument, (2) the secular reason argument, and(3) the err-on-the-side-of-liberty argument. The author concludesthat each of these arguments fail to support SL. 相似文献
689.
690.
Data provided by 150 9- to 11-yr.-old primary school pupils in England showed scores on the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity more highly correlated with (personal) prayer (r = .57) than with (public) church attendance (r = .23), providing support for the view that attitude scales access a deeper level of religiosity less contaminated by those contextual and social factors which may influence public church attendance more than personal prayer. 相似文献