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691.
Alice F. Healy Joshua M. Hoffman Francis A. Beer & Lyle E. Bourne Jr. 《Political psychology》2002,23(3):439-467
Three experiments conducted in 1997 and 1998 explored individual responses to reported fictitious international conflict involving the United States and other nations. Participants escalated the conflictual level of their responses to repeated attacks. In Experiment 1, escalation of conflict was greater in response to terrorist attacks than to military ones. In Experiment 2, after the initial attacks, men were more conflictual in responding to terrorist attacks by a democratic nation than by a nondemocratic nation, whereas the opposite pattern was found for women. In Experiment 3, participants responded with a higher level of conflict to terrorist attacks on military targets than to attacks on cultural/educational targets. Participants with greater personality dominance showed steeper escalation of conflict in their responses across successive attacks. These results are interpreted within the framework of an image theory of international relations and an expansion of the democratic peace hypothesis. 相似文献
692.
A random sample of 989 adults in an Australian community survey completed the Bradburn Balanced Affect Scale together with three measures of Christian faith and practice: belief in God, personal prayer, and church attendance. The data demonstrated a positive association between all three religious measures and psychological well-being. The analysis helps to account for discrepant findings in previous research. 相似文献
693.
Francis WS Corral NI Jones ML Sáenz SP 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2008,137(3):566-590
Cognitive mechanisms underlying repetition priming in picture naming were decomposed in several experiments. Sets of encoding manipulations meant to selectively prime or reduce priming in object identification or word production components of picture naming were combined factorially to dissociate processes underlying priming in picture naming. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 were conducted with Spanish-English bilingual participants and bilingual materials. Experiments 4, 5A, and 5B were single-language experiments in English or Spanish. A simple process model was used to formalize the theoretical predictions and test them across all experiments simultaneously. Object identification and word production processes were selectively influenced in an additive manner, which suggests that the 2 sets of processes are independent and sequential. The patterns of facilitation support a quantitative model of transfer-appropriate processing in which shared processes from encoding to test are the causal basis and speeded processes are the mechanism of facilitation. 相似文献
694.
Neil Francis Delaney 《Philosophical Studies》2008,137(3):335-367
Philosophers from Hart to Lewis, Johnston and Bennett have expressed various degrees of reservation concerning the doctrine
of double effect. A common concern is that, with regard to many activities that double effect is traditionally thought to
prohibit, what might at first look to be a directly intended bad effect is really, on closer examination, a directly intended
neutral effect that is closely connected to a foreseen bad effect. This essay examines the extent to which the commonsense
concept of intention supports a reasonably consistent and coherent application of double effect. Two important conclusions
are these: (1) a number of traditionally proscribed activities involve a kind of “targeting” of innocents that can be taken
to exhibit a direct intention to harm them; (2) a direct intention to harm need not involve a desire to harm in any ordinary
sense of the latter expression.
Thanks to Thomas Flint, Paul Benacerraf, Mark Johnston, Gilbert Harman, Tom Cavanaugh, Jorge Garcia, Robert Audi and an anonymous
referee for useful discussion and written comments. 相似文献
695.
Labor strikes are often seen as battles for public support. Members of the public are asked to show respect for a strike by refusing to cross the picket line or by joining strikers on the picket line. Such public support may affect the morale of strikers and influence the strike's duration. Despite the perceived importance of the public in labor disputes, members of third parties have not been considered in previous strike research. In 2 studies, the authors show that a new measure of third-party strike support is unidimensional and highly reliable. In both cases, union attitudes and perceptions of distributive justice were significant predictors of support for strike action. Those who are more supportive of unions in general and believe that the contract offered to the strikers was unfair were more likely to support the strike by engaging in such actions as conversing with strikers, writing letters, and refusing to cross the picket line. 相似文献
696.
697.
The challenges of dealing with disclosure of HIV status cause frustration to health care providers and counselors. This frustration
follows from the already known high risk to the third party on one hand and our ethical obligation to “respect persons” in
terms of privacy and confidentiality on the other side. Given the stubbornly low rates of voluntary disclosure (partner notification)
among couples, however, it is quite tempting to suggest a paradigm of routine third party disclosure to identifiable sexual
partners by health care providers. This might be the lesser of the two evils and might give better public health outcomes
in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. 相似文献
698.
Joseph-Matthew Mfutso-Bengo Eva-Maria Mfutso-Bengo Francis Masiye 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2008,29(5):349-356
HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns have been overshadowed by conflicting, competing, and contradictory views between those who
support condom use as a last resort and those who are against it for fear of promoting sexual immorality. We argue that abstinence
and faithfulness to one partner are the best available moral solutions to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Of course, deontologists
may argue that condom use might appear useful and effective in controlling HIV/AIDS; however, not everything that is useful
is always good. In principle, all schools of thought and faith seem to agree on the question of faithfulness for married couples
and abstinence for those who are not married. But they differ on condom use. On the ground, the situation is far more complex.
We simply lack a single, entirely reliable way to resolve all disagreements regarding HIV/AIDS prevention strategies.
相似文献
Joseph-Matthew Mfutso-BengoEmail: |
699.
Paul Ndebele Joseph Mfutso-Bengo Francis Masiye 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2008,29(5):331-340
The principle of individual medical confidentiality is one of the moral principles that Africa inherited unquestioningly from
the West as part of Western medicine. The HIV/AIDS pandemic in Southern Africa has reduced the relevance of the principle
of individual medical confidentiality. Individual medical confidentiality has especially presented challenges for practitioners
among the Bantu communities that are well known for their social inter-connectedness and the way they value their extended
family relations. Individual confidentiality has raised several unforeseen problems for persons living with HIV/AIDS, ranging
from stigma and isolation to feelings of dejection as it drives them away from their families as a way of trying to keep information
about their conditions confidential. The involvement of family members in treatment decisions is in line with the philosophy
of Ubuntu and serves to respect patients’ and families’ autonomy while at the same time benefiting the individual patient. 相似文献
700.