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Valentina Villa Gian Mauro Manzoni Francesco Pagnini Gianluca Castelnuovo Gian Luca Cesa Enrico Molinari 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(4):297-303
The purpose of this explorative research was to examine how the COPE (Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced Inventory),
an established instrument for measuring coping styles, and EDI-2 (Eating Disorder Inventory-2), a widely used questionnaire
for assessing psychological and behavioural features of eating disorders (ED), discriminate among healthy individuals, inpatients
with anorexia nervosa (AN) and inpatients with bulimia nervosa (BN). A discriminant analysis approach was used. Results showed
that coping styles such as positive attitude, planning and social support are even more discriminative variables than eating
disorder features. Implications for further studies are discussed. 相似文献
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Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - For human beings, monitoring others’ errors is essential for efficient goal-directed behavior. Indeed, the mere observation of other individuals’... 相似文献
196.
We propose the use of the bootstrap resampling technique as a tool to assess the within-subject reliability of experimental modulation effects on event-related potentials (ERPs). The assessment of the within-subject reliability is relevant in all those cases when the subject score is obtained by some estimation procedure, such as averaging. In these cases, possible deviations from the assumptions on which the estimation procedure relies may lead to severely biased results and, consequently, to incorrect functional inferences. In this study, we applied bootstrap analysis to data from an experiment aimed at investigating the relationship between ERPs and memory processes. ERPs were recorded from two groups of subjects engaged in a recognition memory task. During the study phase, subjects in Group A were required to make an orthographic judgment on 160 visually presented words, whereas subjects in Group B were only required to pay attention to the words. During the test phase all subjects were presented with the 160 previously studied words along with 160 new words and were required to decide whether the current word was “old” or “new.” To assess the effect of word imagery value, half of the words had a high imagery value and half a low imagery value. Analyses of variance performed on ERPs showed that an imagery-induced modulation of the old/new effect was evident only for subjects who were not engaged in the orthographic task during the study phase. This result supports the hypothesis that this modulation is due to some aspect of the recognition memory process and not to the stimulus encoding operations that occur during the recognition memory task. However, bootstrap analysis on the same data showed that the old/new effect on ERPs was not reliable for all the subjects. This result suggests that only a cautious inference can be made from these data. 相似文献
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Margari F Lecce PA Santamato W Ventura P Sportelli N Annicchiarico G Bonifazi E 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(4):333-339
The aim of our study was to provide a psychosocial and psychiatric evaluation of patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB;
a rare genetic disorder characterized by skin fragility), to assess psychological status, ascertain the presence of any psychiatric
disorders and understand the impact of EB on quality of life. Twenty-five patients were assessed using a case record form
and several standardized instruments. In 82% of patients, EB had a negative impact on quality of life and 80% of patients
experienced psychiatric symptoms. Our findings revealed a high prevalence of psychosocial problems and psychiatric symptoms
in patients with EB and suggested that a combined bio-psychosocial approach is the most appropriate therapeutic intervention. 相似文献
199.
John C. Churchwell Andrea M. Morris Nicholas D. Musso Raymond P. Kesner 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2010,93(3):415-421
The prefrontal cortex is thought to be critical for goal-directed action and the hippocampus is known to be importantly involved in spatial memory. Several studies have been suggestive of a role for the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in spatial navigation. However, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receives projections directly from the intermediate CA1 (iCA1) region of hippocampus and this link may be critical for spatial navigation. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the performance of rats receiving bilateral or disconnection infusions of lidocaine into OFC, mPFC, or iCA1 to determine the contribution of these structures to encoding and retrieval of spatial memory using the Hebb–Williams maze. A total of 92 male Long-Evans rats received chronic bilateral, contralateral, or ipsilateral implantation of cannulas into OFC, mPFC, or iCA1. Prior to testing on day 1 or day 2, subjects received central infusions of saline or lidocaine. The number of errors committed on the first five trials compared to the second five trials of day 1 was used to determine encoding, whereas retrieval was determined by comparing the second five trials of day 1 with the first five trials of day 2. The present findings suggest that mPFC and iCA1 are necessary and interact during encoding and retrieval; however, the OFC does not appear to be essential for either process. While the nature of the interaction between mPFC and iCA1 during encoding and retrieval is unclear, it may be supported by the integration of goals and spatial cues or strategy switching. 相似文献
200.
Valentina Truppa Duilio Garofoli Giulia Castorina Eva Piano Mortari Francesco Natale Elisabetta Visalberghi 《Animal cognition》2010,13(6):835-848
The abstract concept of equivalence is considered one of the bases of higher-order cognition, and it has been the subject
of considerable research in comparative cognition. This study examined the conditions under which tufted capuchin monkeys
(Cebus apella) are able to acquire an identity concept. Six capuchin monkeys were trained to solve a visual matching-to-sample (MTS) task
on the basis of perceptual identity. The acquisition of the identity rule was inferred from the subject’s ability to solve
transfer tests with novel stimuli. We evaluated the ability of the capuchin monkeys to match the shape of novel stimuli after
training with both several small stimulus sets (Experiment 1) and a large stimulus set (Experiment 2). Moreover, we examined
the ability of capuchins to transfer the concept to novel visual dimensions, such as colour and size and to transfer to novel
spatial arrangements of the stimuli (Experiment 2). We demonstrated that the ability of capuchins to match novel stimuli was
improved by increasing the number of stimuli used during training (Experiments 1 and 2) and that after a widely applicable
identity concept based on the stimulus shape was acquired, the capuchins were able to match stimuli according to an identity
rule based on both the colour and size of the stimuli and when the spatial arrangement of the stimuli was varied (Experiment
2). This study is the first to demonstrate that the size of the training set affects the acquisition of an abstract identity
concept in an MTS task in non-human primates. 相似文献