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121.
In a recent article M. Colyvan has argued that Quinean forms of scientific realism are faced with an unexpected upshot. Realism
concerning a given class of entities, along with this route to realism, can be vindicated by running an indispensability argument
to the effect that the entities postulated by our best scientific theories exist. Colyvan observes that among our best scientific
theories some are inconsistent, and so concludes that, by resorting to the very same argument, we may incur a commitment to
inconsistent entities. Colyvan’s argument could be interpreted, and in part is presented, as a reductio of Quinean scientific
realism; yet, Colyvan in the end manifests some willingness to bite the bullet, and provides some reasons why we shouldn’t
feel too uncomfortable with those entities. In this paper we wish to indicate a way out to the scientific realist, by arguing
that no indispensability argument of the kind suggested by Colyvan is actually available. To begin with, in order to run such
an indispensability argument we should be justified in believing that an inconsistent theory is true; yet, in so far as the
logic we accept is a consistent one it is arguable that our epistemic predicament could not be possibly one in which we are
justified in so believing. Moreover, also if our logic admitted true contradictions, as Dialetheism does, it is arguable that
Colyvan’s indispensability argument could not rest on a true premise. As we will try to show, dialetheists do not admit true
contradictions for cheap: they do so just as a way out of paradox, namely whenever we are second-level ignorant as to the
metaphysical possibility of evidence breaking the parity among two or more inconsistent claims; Colyvan’s examples, however,
are not of this nature. So, even under the generous assumption that Dialetheism is true, we will conclude that Colyvan’s argument
doesn’t achieve its surprising conclusion. 相似文献
122.
Francesco Tramonti Luca Bonfiglio Paolo Bongioanni Cristina Belviso Chiara Fanciullacci Bruno Rossi 《Psychology, health & medicine》2019,24(1):27-34
Aim of this study is to examine caregiver burden and family functioning in different neurological conditions. Forty-two primary caregivers of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s Disease and other dementia (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Acquired Brain Injuries (ABI) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) were administered scales for the evaluation of caregiver burden (CBI) and family functioning (FACES IV). Caregiver burden was overall high, with caregivers of patients with ALS and ABI having exceeded the CBI cut-off score for possible burn-out. The average scores of caregivers of patients with AD or other dementia and PD were close to the cut-off score, whereas those of caregivers of patients with MS were significantly lower than the others. Family cohesion, family satisfaction and the quality of family communication were associated with reduced levels of caregiver burden, whereas disengagement was associated with a higher burden. The data from the present study confirm that caregiver burden is a relevant issue in the context of neurological diseases, especially for those causing higher degrees of impairment. Significant correlations with family functioning emerged as well, highlighting the importance of studying and treating caregiver burden within the context of family relations. 相似文献
123.
124.
The most reproducible and ubiquitous interictal abnormality of the migraineurs’ brain is lack of habituation in neuronal information processing. The underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Increased neuronal excitability, decreased inhibition or decreased pre-activation levels have all been proposed as possible culprits.The present review summarizes the available data on habituation in migraine patients obtained with different methodological approaches. We will discuss the change of habituation level over the migraine cycle and we will show that these data congruently indicate that the sensory cortices of migraineurs react excessively to repetitive, but not to a small series of stimuli.Although the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of this hyper-responsivity must still be determined, we will describe experimental data suggesting that a dysrhythmic thalamo-cortical activity due to inadequate monoaminergic control might be a plausible explanation. 相似文献
125.
Francesco Coniglione 《Axiomathes》2009,19(4):353-372
This paper explicates the philosophical and epistemological background of the MIRRORS project, which is the starting point of the various contributions in this issue. Developments in the philosophy of science will be discussed, especially the watershed work of Kuhn, in order to analyze further developments in the sociology of science, particularly starting from the Strong Programme. Finally, it will be shown how a multidisciplinary approach in Science & Technology (S&T) studies, as opposed to an interdisciplinary one, is to be preferred. Specifically, the connection between this approach and the modelling and idealizational approaches to science is stressed and defended as the best available approach for the formation of a conscientious democratic knowledge-based society. 相似文献
126.
Francesco Coniglione 《Axiomathes》2009,19(4):351-352
This paper explicates the philosophical and epistemological background of the MIRRORS project, which is the starting point
of the various contributions in this issue. Developments in the philosophy of science will be discussed, especially the watershed
work of Kuhn, in order to analyze further developments in the sociology of science, particularly starting from the Strong
Programme. Finally, it will be shown how a multidisciplinary approach in Science & Technology (S&T) studies, as opposed to
an interdisciplinary one, is to be preferred. Specifically, the connection between this approach and the modelling and idealizational
approaches to science is stressed and defended as the best available approach for the formation of a conscientious democratic
knowledge-based society. 相似文献
127.
128.
Andrew Steptoe Linda Perkins-Porras Elisabeth Rink Sean Hilton Francesco P Cappuccio 《Health psychology》2004,23(6):574-581
This study assessed psychological and social factors predicting 12-month changes in fruit and vegetable consumption achieved by 271 men and women from a low-income population randomized to brief behavioral and nutrition education counseling. Greater increases in fruit and vegetable intake were achieved in the behavioral than in the nutrition education condition (1.49 vs. 0.87 portions per day, p=.021). Increases were predicted by baseline social support for dietary change but not by baseline psychological measures. However, short-term (8-week) changes in dietary self-efficacy, encouragement, anticipated regret, perceived benefits, and knowledge of recommended intake predicted 12-month changes in fruit and vegetable consumption independently of gender, age, ethnicity, income, and baseline intake. These factors accounted for 51% of the superiority of behavioral counseling over nutrition education. 相似文献
129.
130.
Francesco Bisagni 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2020,65(5):818-838
This paper explores Bion’s theory of links, L, H, K (Love, Hate and Knowledge) and their minus counterparts, -L, -H, -K, which are not conceivable as simply opposite to or as a lack of L, H, K. Rather, they correspond to a way of experiencing Love, Hatred and Knowledge in terms of absoluteness, and in terms of a radical impossibility of acknowledging loss, relativeness and absence. The theory of links is also examined in its evolution towards the conceptualization of three types of container/contained configurations (commensal, symbiotic and parasitic). These Bionian models are compared and referred to the way Jung articulates the coexistence of ‘good’ and ‘evil’, and the paradoxical nature of mental functioning in relation to the individuation process. The images taken from the Rosarium Philosophorum, particularly the Fons Mercurialis, examined by Jung in ‘The psychology of the transference’ (1946), are explored in the paper. Theory is examined with a particular focus on the adolescent mind and its dramatic phenomenology. Two excerpts taken from the analytic work with a mid-adolescent female patient and a late-adolescent male patient are presented to describe minus-Hate as a form of absolute love, and minus-Love as a form of absolute hatred. 相似文献