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Ethical Theory and Moral Practice - 相似文献
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Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo Sara Taglieri Silvia Zabberoni Francesco Scalici Antonella Peppe Carlo Caltagirone Alberto Costa 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2022,16(1):161-182
Word clustering (i.e., the ability to reproduce the same word pairs in consecutive recall trials of an unrelated word list) has been extensively investigated as a proxy of subjective organization (SO) of memorandum. In healthy subjects and in groups of brain-damaged patients, the rate of SO generally predicts accuracy of word list recall. This study aimed at evaluating SO in the performance of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) on a word list recall task in order to investigate the basic mechanisms of episodic memory impairment that are frequently observed in these patients. For this purpose, 56 PD patients, who were stratified according to the presence and quality of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and a group of healthy controls (HCs) were administered a word list task and an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Results showed that recall accuracy on the word list task progressively decreased passing from HC to PD patients without cognitive impairment, to patients with single-domain dysexecutive MCI and to patients with multiple-domain dysexecutive and amnesic MCI. Conversely, only the latter PD group showed a lower SO score than that achieved by the other groups. In the overall PD group, correlational and regression analyses demonstrated that SO scores and a composite score of executive functions were not reciprocally related, but both provided an independent and significant contribution to the prediction of word list recall accuracy. These data are discussed in terms of the contribution of executive functions and hippocampal storage processes to the onset of memory impairment in PD. 相似文献
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Philosophia - The explanatory objection against the fitting attitude account of value states that if the properties of attitudes explain fittingness facts, but do not always explain value facts,... 相似文献
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Francesco Gamberale 《Psychologie appliquee》1992,41(3):207-218
In ne fait aucun doute que la promotion de la santé dans le monde du travail nécessite une approche nouvelle. Cette affirmation repose sur le fait que les actions en faveur de la santé qui appliquent les notions traditionnelles de la médicine du travail ne sont plus, de nos jours, appropriées. Cette nouvelle approche devrait insister davantage sur l'élimination des effets nocifs de l'exposition à des conditions de travail défavorables et moins sur la prévention de pathologies et de maladies professionelles reconnues. Cet article tente de défendre les idées axées sur la mise en oeuvre d'une autre politique de promotion de la santé basée sur le choix et l'évaluation d'indices précoces comportementaux et psychophysiologiques des risques virtuels de l'environnement de travail.
There is no doubt that the promotion of health in the working world needs a new approach. This statement rests on the fact that the health-related activities based on the traditional concepts of occupational medicine, nowadays, are not adequate. This new approach should focus more on the elimination of the adverse effects of exposure to unfavourable working conditions and less on the prevention of recognised occupational diseases and pathology. This paper is an attempt to contribute with ideas aimed at the development and establishment of an alternative policy of health promotion based on the assessment and evaluation of the behavioural and psychological early indices of potential hazards in the work environment. 相似文献
There is no doubt that the promotion of health in the working world needs a new approach. This statement rests on the fact that the health-related activities based on the traditional concepts of occupational medicine, nowadays, are not adequate. This new approach should focus more on the elimination of the adverse effects of exposure to unfavourable working conditions and less on the prevention of recognised occupational diseases and pathology. This paper is an attempt to contribute with ideas aimed at the development and establishment of an alternative policy of health promotion based on the assessment and evaluation of the behavioural and psychological early indices of potential hazards in the work environment. 相似文献
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Memory for series of action phrases improves in listeners when speakers accompany each phrase with congruent gestures compared to when speakers stay still. Studies reveal that the listeners’ motor system, at encoding, plays a crucial role in this enactment effect. We present two experiments on gesture observation, which explored the role of the listeners’ motor system at recall. The participants listened to the phrases uttered by a speaker in two conditions in each experiment. In the gesture condition, the speaker uttered the phrases with accompanying congruent gestures, and in the no-gesture condition, the speaker stayed still while uttering the phrases. The participants were then invited, in both conditions of the experiments, to perform a motor task while recalling the phrases proffered by the speaker. The results revealed that the advantage of observing gestures on memory disappears if the listeners move at recall arms and hands (same motor effectors moved by the speaker, Experiment 1a), but not when the listeners move legs and feet (different motor effectors from those moved by the speaker, Experiment 1b). The results suggest that the listeners’ motor system is involved not only during the encoding of action phrases uttered by a speaker but also when recalling these phrases during retrieval. 相似文献
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The stop signal task is widely adopted to assess motor inhibition performance in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Several recent studies explored the influence of strategic approaches to the task. In particular, response slowing seems to be a strategic approach commonly adopted to perform the task. In the present study, we compared a standard version with a strategic version of the task, in which participants were explicitly instructed to slow down responses. Results showed that the instructed slowing did not affect the main inhibition measure, thus confirming the robustness of the stop signal index. On the other hand, it apparently changed the nature of the task, as shown by the lack of correlation between the standard and the strategic versions. In addition, we found a specific influence of individual characteristics on slowing strategies. In the standard version, adherence to task instructions was positively correlated with compliant traits of personality. Despite instructions to maximize response speed, non-compliant participants preferred to adopt a slowing strategy in the standard version of the task, up to a speed level similar to the strategic version, where slowing was required by task instructions. Understanding the role of individual approach to the task seems to be crucial to properly identify how participants cope with task instructions. 相似文献