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991.
Filip De Fruyt 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2002,60(1):73-90
The current study first longitudinally examines the validity of person-environment (P-E) RIASEC congruence, adopting a job analytic method to assess the environment and using P-E difference scores to compute congruence, to predict a range of intrinsic career outcomes—including job satisfaction, skill development, work involvement, and perceived stress—in a sample of 401 college seniors involved in the labor market. Second, the incremental validity of an alternative conceptualization of the P component (i.e., the Five-Factor Model of personality [FFM]) is examined over and beyond RIASEC congruence scores. Congruence across RIASEC types significantly predicted job satisfaction and skill development, but FFM traits significantly and substantially contributed to the prediction of all intrinsic career outcomes. Finally, a person-centered perspective to P-E questions is introduced, demonstrating that cluster analysis of individuals' FFM scores resulted in two clusters (i.e., internalizers/externalizers and resilients) showing very different positions on the labor market and reporting differing initial career outcomes. It is concluded that RIASEC P-E fit congruence studies should be complemented with FFM assessment to increase predictive validity. Applications of an FFM-based, person-centered approach in I/O and P-E fit research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
992.
993.
Ans De Vos Inge De Clippeleer Thomas Dewilde 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2009,82(4):761-777
The current article tests a longitudinal model of the process of proactive career behaviours and career success with two samples of graduates making the transition from college to work. Using structural equation modelling, we tested a theoretical model that specified the relationships between career progress goals, career planning, networking behaviours, and career success. A longitudinal panel study was conducted within two samples using a 3‐year (sample 1) and 1‐year (sample 2) time lag between the first and second data collection. The results support the process model and suggest that at graduation, career planning is affected by the goal of making career progress. In turn, career planning is positively associated with networking behaviours. Both career planning and networking at graduation are positively related to career planning and networking 1 year later (sample 1) but in sample 2, in which a 3‐year time lag was used, these relationships were no longer significant. Support is found for the relationship between networking during the early career and objective and subjective career success. The findings are discussed in terms of their general implications for understanding the proactive career behaviour process through which graduates affect their career success during the first years of their professional career. 相似文献
994.
ABSTRACT— Under what conditions do people act dishonestly to help or hurt others? We addressed this question by examining the influence of a previously overlooked factor—the beneficiary or victim of dishonest acts. In two experiments, we randomly paired participants and manipulated their wealth levels through an initial lottery. We then observed how inequity between partners influenced the likelihood of one dishonestly helping or hurting the other, while varying the financial incentives for dishonest behavior. The results show that financial self-interest cannot fully explain people's tendency to dishonestly help or hurt others. Rather, such dishonesty is influenced by emotional reactions to wealth-based inequity, even when the dishonesty bears a personal financial cost. Envy evoked by negative inequity led to hurting behavior, whereas guilt induced by positive inequity motivated helping behavior. Finally, inequity between the partner and third parties triggered dishonest helping through empathy with the partner. 相似文献
995.
Francesca Frassinetti Barbara Magnani Massimiliano Oliveri 《Psychological science》2009,20(8):949-954
ABSTRACT— Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of spatial codes in the representation of time and numbers. We took advantage of a well-known spatial modulation (prismatic adaptation) to test the hypothesis that the representation of time is spatially oriented from left to right, with smaller time intervals being represented to the left of larger time intervals. Healthy subjects performed a time-reproduction task and a time-bisection task, before and after leftward and rightward prismatic adaptation. Results showed that prismatic adaptation inducing a rightward orientation of spatial attention produced an overestimation of time intervals, whereas prismatic adaptation inducing a leftward shift of spatial attention produced an underestimation of time intervals. These findings not only confirm that temporal intervals are represented as horizontally arranged in space, but also reveal that spatial modulation of time processing most likely occurs via cuing of spatial attention, and that spatial attention can influence the spatial coding of quantity in different dimensions. 相似文献
996.
This paper comments on Gallagher’s recently published direct perception proposal about social cognition [Gallagher, S. (2008a). Direct perception in the intersubjective context. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(2), 535–543]. I show that direct perception is in danger of being appropriated by the very cognitivist accounts criticised by Gallagher (theory theory and simulation theory). Then I argue that the experiential directness of perception in social situations can be understood only in the context of the role of the interaction process in social cognition. I elaborate on the role of social interaction with a discussion of participatory sense-making to show that direct perception, rather than being a perception enriched by mainly individual capacities, can be best understood as an interactional phenomenon. 相似文献
997.
The goal of this research is to test the hypothesis that a category is not necessarily represented by all observed exemplars,
but by a reduced subset of these exemplars. To test this hypothesis, we made use of a study reported by Nosofsky, Clark, and
Shin (1989), and replicated their Experiment 1 in order to gather individual-participant data. Both a full exemplar model
and a reduced exemplar model were fit to the data. In general, the fits of the reduced exemplar model were superior to those
of the full exemplar model. The results suggest that only a subset of exemplars may be sufficient for category representation. 相似文献
998.
Matthew L. Dixon Justin Ruppel Jay Pratt Eve De Rosa 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(2):418-423
We examined whether the selection mechanisms committed to the suppression of ignored stimuli can be modified by experience
to produce a sustained, rather than transient, change in behavior. Subjects repeatedly ignored the shape of stimuli, while
attending to their color. On subsequent attention to shape, there was a robust and sustained decrement in performance that
was selective to when shape was ignored across multiple-colortarget contexts, relative to a single-color-target context. Thus,
amount of time ignored was not sufficient to induce a sustained performance decrement. Moreover, in this group, individual
differences in initial color target selection were associated with the subsequent performance decrement when attending to
previously ignored stimuli. Accompanying this sustained decrement in performance was a transfer in the locus of suppression
from an exemplar (e.g., a circle) to a feature (i.e., shape) level of representation. These data suggest that learning can
influence attentional selection by sustained attentional suppression of ignored stimuli. 相似文献
999.
Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt Rudi De Raedt Chris Baeken 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(3):609-612
Neuroscience research has identified the involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in cognitive control. Questions
remain, however, about its lateralization correlates during Stroop task performance, an experimental cornerstone on which
a large amount of cognitive control research is based. After reviewing the literature, we find that three Stroop variants
have been used in an attempt to uncover different aspects of cognitive control related to DLPFC involvement. In sum, rapid
and sequential up-regulation of the attentional set seems to be related to the left DLPFC. These attentional adjustments are
based on participants’ expectancies regarding the conflicting nature of the upcoming trial, and not on the conflict itself.
In contrast, the right DLPFC is associated with an overall up-regulation of the attentional set when attentional conflict
is experienced. 相似文献
1000.
Felipe De Brigard Eric Mandelbaum David Ripley 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(5):511-524
Some theorists think that the more we get to know about the neural underpinnings of our behaviors, the less likely we will
be to hold people responsible for their actions. This intuition has driven some to suspect that as neuroscience gains insight
into the neurological causes of our actions, people will cease to view others as morally responsible for their actions, thus
creating a troubling quandary for our legal system. This paper provides empirical evidence against such intuitions. Particularly,
our studies of folk intuitions suggest that (1) when the causes of an action are described in neurological terms, they are
not found to be any more exculpatory than when described in psychological terms, and (2) agents are not held fully responsible
even for actions that are fully neurologically caused. 相似文献