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161.
Multiple and Counterstereotypic Categorization of Immigrants: The Moderating Role of Political Orientation on Interventions to Reduce Prejudice 下载免费PDF全文
Francesca Prati Silvia Moscatelli Felicia Pratto Monica Rubini 《Political psychology》2018,39(4):829-848
Multiple and counterstereotypic categorization of outgroup members reduces prejudice towards them. The present research addresses, for the first time, the role of political orientation in moderating the impact of these strategies on prejudice reduction. Given that right‐wingers have very likely a higher need for cognitive closure compared to left‐wingers and thus may be less tolerant to social diversity, for them, increasing the complexity of outgroup members through counterstereotypic versus stereotypic or multiple versus simple categorizations should be a less effective strategy of prejudice reduction than it is for left‐wingers and moderate individuals. Results using Romanians and immigrants as outgroup targets for Italian participants supported our prediction. Further, we found that the effect of prejudice reduction was explained by the sequential mediation of increased individuation of immigrants and reduced sense of threat from them. Implications of the interplay between multiple categorization and political orientation are discussed. 相似文献
162.
Francesca Boccuni 《Studia Logica》2010,96(2):315-330
PG (Plural Grundgesetze) is a predicative monadic second-order system which exploits the notion of plural quantification and a few Fregean devices,
among which a formulation of the infamous Basic Law V. It is shown that second-order Peano arithmetic can be derived in PG.
I also investigate the philosophical issue of predicativism connected to PG. In particular, as predicativism about concepts
seems rather un-Fregean, I analyse whether there is a way to make predicativism compatible with Frege’s logicism. 相似文献
163.
164.
We investigated whether the alignment effect (Levine et al, 1982 Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 111 157-175) is influenced by mental rotation abilities. In two experiments, groups of undergraduate students with high and low performance in mental rotation tasks were required to study either schematic (experiment 1) or more complex (experiment 2) maps, and to perform a number of pointing tasks adopting a perspective which could be aligned, misaligned (45 degrees, 135 degrees), or counteraligned (180 degrees) with the perspective assumed during learning. Cognitive styles in spatial representation have also been considered. Results of experiment 1 show that people with low performance in mental rotation tasks prefer to adopt a representation of space focused more on landmarks. Their performance in the pointing tasks depends on the alignment conditions, with more errors in the counteraligned condition followed by the two misaligned and aligned ones. In contrast to this, high-ability mental rotators prefer survey and route spatial representations and are affected only by the aligned and non-aligned conditions. In the second experiment, practice was studied as a function of mental rotation and alignment. The group high in mental rotation ability was found to be free from the alignment effect in the pointing tasks performed after the final of four learning phases. 相似文献
165.
Fossati A Beauchaine TP Grazioli F Borroni S Carretta I De Vecchi C Cortinovis F Danelli E Maffei C 《Journal of personality disorders》2006,20(2):186-203
Notwithstanding its research and clinical relevance, the dimensionality and validity of the DSM-IV avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders (PDs) criteria is still a largely unexplored topic. The aim of this study was to test the factor structure for DSM-IV Cluster C PD criteria in a sample of 641 consecutively admitted outpatients. Factor analysis results suggested that avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive PDs share a common latent dimension, and supported the three-factor structure of both observer and self-report ratings of DSM-IV Cluster C PD criteria. The pattern of factor loadings, however, was different from the one expected according to the DSM-IV classification. 相似文献
166.
This study was aimed at investigating the face preference phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms at 3 months of age. Using an eye-tracker apparatus, Experiment 1 demonstrated that 3-month-olds prefer natural face images to unnatural ones, replicating and extending previous evidence obtained with schematic facelike stimuli. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the general mechanisms that induce face preference in newborns could not explain the same phenomenon at 3 months of age, when infants are attracted by perceptual cues more specific to faces. This suggests that signs of a process of cognitive specialization are already present in 3-month-olds' visual behavior toward faces. 相似文献
167.
Potter MC Dell'Acqua R Pesciarelli F Job R Peressotti F O'Connor DH 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2005,12(3):460-465
The time course of semantic priming between two associated words was tracked using rapid serial visual presentation of two
synchronized streams of stimuli appearing at about 20 items/sec, each stream including a target word. The two words were semantically
related or unrelated and were separated by stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 0–213 msec. Accuracy in reporting the first
target (T1) versus the second target (T2) has been shown to interact dramatically with SOA over this range. The materials
were in English in Experiment1 and Italian in Experiment2. T1 was semantically primed only at short SOAs, whereas T2 was primed
at all SOAs (Experiment 1) or at all SOAs except the shortest one (Experiment2). The results indicate a strong competition
between target words early in processing, with T2 often becoming the first word identified at short SOAs, thus priming T1. 相似文献
168.
Genazzani AR Bernardi F Pluchino N Begliuomini S Lenzi E Casarosa E Luisi M 《CNS spectrums》2005,10(6):449-457
The central nervous system is one of the main target tissues for sex steroid hormones, which act on both through genomic mechanisms, modulating synthesis, release, and metabolism of many neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, and through non-genomic mechanisms, influencing electrical excitability, synaptic function, morphological features, and neuron-glia interactions. During the climacteric period, sex steroid deficiency causes many neuroendocrine changes. At the hypothalamic level, estrogen withdrawal gives rise to vasomotor symptoms, to eating behavior disorders, and altered blood pressure control. On the other hand, at the limbic level, the changes in serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and opioidergic tones contribute to the modifications in mood, behavior, and nociception. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) positively affects climateric depression throughout a direct effect on neural activity and on the modulation of adrenergic and serotoninergic tones and may modulate the decrease in cognitive efficiency observed in climaterium. The identification of the brain as a de novo source of neurosteroids, suggests that the modifications in mood and cognitive performances occurring in postmenopausal women may also be related to a change in the levels of neurosteroids. These findings open new perspectives in the study of the effects of sex steroids on the central nervous system and on the possible use of alternative and/or auxiliary HRT. 相似文献
169.
Alyssa Jean L. Tan Lauren T. Yap Elise Francesca L. Salud Mendiola Teng-Calleja 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2023,26(4):547-559
Using the lens of interpretative phenomenological analysis, this study explored the leadership experiences of bicultural business leaders in the Philippines. Semistructured interviews were conducted among 16 leaders in family-owned, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Philippines who are ethnically Chinese and have Filipino nationality. Findings focused on salient expressions of biculturalism in leadership, bicultural leadership challenges, and advantages. Most of the participants experienced fluidity in their expressions of Filipino and Chinese identities and how these manifest in the workplace. Challenges shared pertain to generational factors as participants assumed leadership roles through kinship, as well as relational challenges reflective of cultural nuances. The leaders view their being bicultural as having the “best of both worlds” as they have greater access to cultural information and a more holistic view of which values and norms to use in their leadership roles and in various social interactions. Fluency in communicating in Chinese and Filipino was perceived to enable effective interactions and facilitate trust building with their customers, employees, and suppliers. Implications focused on the need to consider biculturalism in leadership development programmes in educational institutions and organizations, especially with increasing bi/multiculturalism in workplaces. 相似文献
170.
Samantha Mombelli Caterina Leitner Giada D'Este Marco Sforza Sara Marelli Alessandra Castelnuovo Marco Zucconi Francesca Casoni Maria Livia Fantini Fabiana Novellino Maria Salsone Luigi Ferini-Strambi Andrea Galbiati 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2023,17(1):161-179
Recent evidence demonstrated that neuropsychological assessment may be considered a valid marker of neurodegeneration in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD). However, little is known about the possible neuropsychological heterogeneity within the iRBD population. This retrospective study aimed to identify and describe different neuropsychological phenotypes in iRBD patients by means of a data-driven approach using latent class analysis. A total of 289 iRBD patients underwent a neuropsychological assessment evaluating cognitive domains: global cognition, language, short- and long-term memory, executive functions and visuospatial abilities. The presence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was also assessed. Latent class analysis was carried out to identify iRBD subtypes according to neuropsychological scores. The most parsimonious model identified three latent classes. Groups were labelled as follows: Class 2 “severely impaired” (n = 83/289): mean pathological scores in different tests, a high percentage of MCI multiple-domain and impairment in all neuropsychological domains. Class 1 “moderately impaired” (n = 44/289): mean neuropsychological score within the normal value, a high percentage of MCI (high risk to phenoconversion) and great impairment in the visuospatial domain. Class 3 “slightly impaired” (n = 162/289): no deficit worthy of attention except for short- and long-term memory. Our results suggest three different clinical phenotypes within the iRBD population. These findings may be relevant in the future for predicting the clinical trajectories of phenoconversion in iRBD. 相似文献