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101.
The following paper describes a new technique for simulating peripheral field losses in virtual environments to study the roles of the central and peripheral visual fields during navigation. Based on Geisler and Perry's (2002) gaze-contingent multiresolution display concept, the technique extends their methodology to work with three-dimensional images that are both transformed and rendered in real time by a computer graphics system. In order to assess the usefulness of this method for studying visual field losses, an experiment was run in which seven participants were required to walk to a target tree in a virtual forest as quickly and efficiently as possible while artificial head and eye-based delays were systematically introduced. Bilinear fits were applied to the mean trial times in order to assess at what delay lengths breaks in performance could be observed. Results suggest that breaks occur beyond the current delays inherent in the system. Increases in trial times across all delays tested were also observed when simulated peripheral field losses were applied compared to full FOV conditions. Possible applications and limitations of the system are discussed. The source code needed to program visual field losses can be found at lions.med.jhu.edu/archive/turanolab/Simulated_Visual_Field_Loss_Code.html. 相似文献
102.
The perceived inclination of slopes is generally overestimated. We claim that overestimation depends on the use of impoverished stimuli and on the distance between the observer and an inclined surface. In experiment 1, participants reported the perceived inclination of a set of urban roads from two different viewing distances. Observers did not overestimate the perceived inclination of slopes when they saw roads from the shorter viewing distances, whereas they slightly overestimated the perceived inclination of slopes from the farther distance. In experiment 2, participants reported the perceived inclination of a set of stereoscopic slides representing the same urban roads as in experiment 1. Here, observers did not overestimate the perceived inclination of slopes when the projected stereoscopic image contained horizontal disparity and simulated the shorter viewing distance; while they revealed a slight overestimation from the farther distance. We found always overestimation when the binocular image did not contain horizontal disparity, independently from the viewing distance. In conclusion, slopes are overestimated when (a) horizontal disparity is absent, and (b) the viewing distance is increased. 相似文献
103.
Gyselinck V De Beni R Pazzaglia F Meneghetti C Mondoloni A 《Psychological research》2007,71(3):373-382
The paper investigates the involvement of verbal and visuo-spatial working memory during the processing of spatial texts via
a dual-task paradigm. Subjects were presented with three texts describing locations from a route perspective, and had either
to imagine themselves moving along a route in surroundings or to rehearse verbal information. Concurrently they had to perform
a spatial tapping task, an articulatory task, or no secondary task. Performance on a verification test used to assess the
product of comprehension showed that the concurrent tapping task impaired performance in the imagery instructions group but
not in the repetition instructions group, and caused the beneficial effect of imagery instructions to vanish. This result
was not observed with the articulatory task, where interference effects were similar in both instructions groups. Performance
on the concurrent tasks confirmed the pattern obtained with the verification test. In addition, results seem partly dependent
on the capacity of spatial working memory as measured by the Corsi Blocks Test. We argue that these results clarify the processes
of the construction of a spatial mental model, and confirm that the visuo-spatial working memory is involved in mental imagery. 相似文献
104.
The three studies presented here aim to contribute to a better understanding of the role of the coordinate system of a person's body and of the environment in spatial organization underlying the recognition and production of gestures. The paper introduces a new approach by investigating what people consider to be opposite gestures in addition to identical gestures. 相似文献
105.
Francesca Agostini Erica Neri Sara Dellabartola Augusto Biasini Fiorella Monti 《Infant behavior & development》2014
The study evaluated the quality of preterm infant–mother interactions, considering severity of birth weight (ELBW and VLBW) and maternal depression, compared to full term babies. 69 preterm infants (29 ELBW and 40 VLBW) and 80 full-term (FT) infants and their mothers were recruited. At 3 months of corrected age, the quality of mother–infant interaction was evaluated through Global Rating Scales; moreover, infant level of development and maternal depression were assessed through Griffith Development Mental Scales and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results showed adequate sensitivity in preterm infants’ mothers and higher involvement with their infants, compared to full term mothers, but ELBW ones exhibited an intrusive interactive pattern and a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. The study underlined the relevance of paying special attention to both ELBW infants and their mothers, in order to support the parenting role and the co-construction of early interactions. 相似文献
106.
Francesca R. Dillman Carpentier 《Sexuality & culture》2014,18(4):818-832
The present study examines how young men and women, when primed with sexual cues in entertainment media, incorporate these cues into their first impressions of an unfamiliar target. Respondents (n = 188) were exposed to popular music either with or without sexual lyrics. Respondents in the sexual music condition recognized the sexual conveyance of that music. Respondents in the other condition rated the sexuality in their music as low. After exposure, respondents evaluated unknown targets—job applicants represented by their resumés. Sexual conveyance elevated ratings of sexual qualities attributed to the targets, suggesting sexual objectification of the targets. Sexual quality ratings then predicted evaluations of the targets’ merit, including knowledge and integrity. Although the association between sexual quality and overall merit ratings were positive for both men and women, men exhibited a significantly stronger association than women did. Findings support a postconscious automatic processing interpretation of media priming effects and corroborate prior observations that sexual media primes yield sexualized evaluations. Findings also suggest a need to measure initial affective responses to media primes, as different sexual depictions might trigger sexual thoughts with either a positive or negative connotation. 相似文献
107.
108.
Changes in Stepparents' Coparenting and Parenting Following Participation in a Community‐Based Relationship Education Program 下载免费PDF全文
Studies of coparents typically center on the relationship between parents who share a biological child; limited attention in research on community‐based programs is given to the coparenting relationship within a stepfamily, even though clinicians note the challenges inherent in this relationship. We examined changes in coparenting agreement, parenting efficacy, and parental involvement for 96 stepparents following participation in a coparenting‐focused community education program. A significant main effect of time was found for improvement in coparenting agreement, yet a significant time × gender interaction effect suggests that this is driven by improvements for stepmothers only. Parenting efficacy improved, regardless of gender, race, residence, or curriculum. A significant time × race interaction effect on change in parental involvement indicates increases in parental involvement for European American participants only. Finally, increases in coparenting agreement were associated with increases in parenting efficacy, and increases in parenting efficacy were associated with increases in parental involvement. 相似文献
109.
Francesca Poggiolesi 《Synthese》2016,193(10):3147-3167
110.
Predicting Support for Arabs' Autonomy from Social Dominance: The Role of Identity Complexity and Dehumanization 下载免费PDF全文
Francesca Prati Silvia Moscatelli Felicia Pratto Monica Rubini 《Political psychology》2016,37(2):293-301
The present study extends previous research on the influence of social dominance orientation (SDO) in international affairs by investigating the role of sociocognitive processes such as social identity complexity (SIC) and intergroup dehumanization in explaining the relationship between SDO and support for Arabs' autonomy. An Italian heterogeneous sample (N = 123), in terms of gender, age, political orientation, religiosity, and income level, was considered. We expected that those low on SDO would be more likely to support Arabs' autonomy, would have higher SIC, and would be less likely to dehumanize Arabs. We also expected that SIC and dehumanization would sequentially mediate the relationship between SDO and support for Arabs' autonomy. Results revealed that Italians low on SDO have higher SIC (i.e., a more inclusive social identity) which endorses lower dehumanization of Arabs. This in turn explained the influence of SDO on support for Arabs' autonomy. These findings integrate the literature about SDO and SIC and enhance the understanding of the sociocognitive processes underlying people's support for international egalitarian movements. 相似文献