The current status of competency-based training,part 1: Validity,reliability, logistical,and ethical issues

During recent years considerable attention has been focused on competency-based training. Yet there is a lack of data relating to many key issues. This paper describes some of the key issues concerning four major factors of competency-based training: validity, reliability, logistics, and ethics. Three recommendations made to the Division 16 Education and Training Committee are presented.     

Minicomputer presentation of speech stimuli

A brief introduction to minicomputer control of speech stimuli is presented. Several techniques that have proven useful in this area are described.     

New perspectives on child and adolescent depression

The Children's Depression Index (CDI) was administered to a group of 304 regular school students in Grades 3–12. It was found that 21% of the students reported mild to moderate levels and 7% reported severe levels of depression. Females reported more overall depression than did males. Specific CDI items selected more frequently by females than by males supports previous work suggesting that females tend to internalize difficulties whereas males are more likely to externalize problems. There were no age differences associated with overall depression; however, there were some developmental differences in specific items cited. Finally, “red flags” were identified that may be helpful in spotting children suffering from severe levels of depression.     

Protective factors and behavioral adjustment in preschool children of Iranian Martyrs

Out of 228 Iranian preschool Martyrs' children whose behaviour adjustment in the nursery settings was screened using the Preschool Behaviour Checklist, 12 well adjusted, zero scorers were compared with 8 poorly adjusted, high scorers. Using the parent's Behaviour Checklist, high scorers showed significantly more problems at home than zero scorers. On the Malaise Inventory, mothers of high scorers showed poorer mental health than mothers of zero scorers. Home observations showed that mother-child interaction was more aversive in high scorers than in zero scorers. More mothers of zero scorers had remarried.     

德国医学院医学交流能力培养模式探究

德国政府和高校对医学生医学交流技能的培养非常重视,由德国联邦卫生部医学交流纵向示范课程项目开发的医学交流纵向示范课,为德国各大高校医学院医学交流课程的构建和实施提供上层指导。以德国几所知名高校医学院为例,分别对医学交流课程内容设置、教学方式、师资团队构建、课程测试和评估等方面进行阐述,剖析德国医学交流课程体系特点：基于临床案例的教学素材、主题模块的课程形式、丰富的教学方式、专业的教学团队等,德国医学交流课程标准一致,课程体系完善,为我国医学交流课程完善和改革提供参考。