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公共卫生人才调查及培养的思考 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
对江苏省部分市、区、县级疾病预防控制中心和卫生监督所的公共卫生队伍现状、人才需求进行了调查分析,为我国公共卫生教育提供了科学的依据。认为江苏省公共卫生系统现有人员素质有待进一步提高,医学高等院校应该加强公共卫生人才的培养。 相似文献
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乙肝病毒感染在我国已超过了10%,达1.4亿人左右,面对如此庞大的感染人群,如何合理而适当地处理乙肝病毒携带病例已不仅仅是医学问题,而且是重要的社会问题.随着心理学的快速发展,乙肝病毒携带者的心理问题已经受到了人们的普遍重视.目前众多学者认为乙肝病毒携带者心理问题严重,以焦虑、抑郁、强迫等为主,但是相关的支持治疗明显不足,有待于深入研究. 相似文献
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The “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches have been thought to exhaust the possibilities for doing cognitive neuroscience. We argue that neither approach is likely to succeed in providing a theory that enables us to understand how cognition is achieved in biological creatures like ourselves. We consider a promising third way of doing cognitive neuroscience, what might be called the “neural dynamic systems” approach, that construes cognitive neuroscience as an autonomous explanatory endeavor, aiming to characterize in its own terms the states and processes responsible for brain-based cognition. We sketch the basic motivation for the approach, describe a particular version of the approach, so-called ‘Dynamic Causal Modeling’ (DCM), and consider a concrete example of DCM. This third way, we argue, has the potential to avoid the problems that afflict the other two approaches. 相似文献
237.
暴力再犯危险性评估是当今再犯危险性评估工作中的重点, 其中, 攻击性是服刑人员暴力再犯行为稳定的个体因素。对攻击性进行研究, 有助于预防和降低服刑人员在假释或出狱后的暴力再犯行为风险, 关系社会的长治久安。研究表明, 遭受儿童期逆境和携带易感基因(如MAOA-uVNTR低活性等位基因)是导致攻击行为的重要因素。但在现有的研究中, 儿童期逆境的计分方式局限于简单的线性加总, 或所依据的统计模型忽略逆境各维度之间的交互作用和非线性关系; 在服刑人员攻击性的评估中未考虑攻击性的亚类, 而且多使用自报告的量表测评, 这些问题制约了评估的有效预测力。本研究拟通过建立潜在类别模型, 分析男性服刑人员和普通成年人群在儿童期逆境上的亚类; 以实验与问卷测量结果、司法行为记录作为攻击性指标, 揭示儿童期逆境如何影响个体的主动性攻击、反应性攻击及暴力犯罪行为, 重点探讨儿童期逆境潜在类别对主动性攻击和反应性攻击的影响, 以及MAOA-uVNTR、COMT Val158Met、5-HTTLPR基因多态性在其中的调节作用。研究结果有助于找出高攻击性个体的生物遗传指标, 从而发现受儿童期逆境经历影响的易感人群, 为暴力行为的风险预测以及针对暴力攻击行为的行为矫正和相关药物设计提供理论和实证参考, 提高相关工作的效率。 相似文献
238.
Recent social psychological research demonstrates that certain types of mental simulation are particularly useful for helping individuals reach the future they envision (e.g., Taylor, Pham, Rivkin, & Armor, 1998). More specifically, Taylor's (Pham, Taylor, 1999; Taylor et al., 1998) recent research indicates that the most successful simulations focus on the process of reaching a goal rather than on the outcomes or attainment of the goal. In this article, we extend consideration of process‐ versus outcome‐focused thought to advertising. In studies manipulating the focus of participants’ thoughts while viewing a print advertisement, we find that process‐focused thought results in significantly higher behavioral intentions than outcome‐focused thought when advertisement arguments are strong. However, in the case of weak advertisement arguments, process‐focused thought actually lowers behavioral intentions compared to thoughts focusing on the end result or outcome of product usage. Thus, in addition to increasing the persuasive power of strong advertising claims, process‐focused thinking appears to make individuals better or more discerning consumers who do not form behavioral intentions when it is inappropriate to do so. 相似文献
239.
Richard D. Ashmore Frances K. Del Boca Marc Beebe 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(5):885-907
Two studies assessed perceived types of college students and associated stereotypes about drinking. In the first study, 64 university students responded to an open‐ended probe asking them to list types of college students and then rated the amount of drinking done by each of a set of preselected types. In the second study, 236 students responded to the same open‐ended item and directly rated a set of types that had been revised based on Study 1 in terms of drinking and involvement in the academic and sociosexual collegiate subcultures. As hypothesized, consensual responses to the open‐ended probe reflected the college student culture. Also as hypothesized, types of students socially defined in terms of the sociosexual aspects of college (e.g., “fraternity boy”) were rated as likely to drink heavily, whereas types that were seen as being pulled away from college social life, through assumed involvement in academics (e.g., “brain/straight As”), were rated as drinking relatively little. Finally, rated sociosexual involvement was positively correlated, and academic involvement was negatively correlated, with perceived drinking, which supports a central assumption of the framework guiding the research. 相似文献
240.
Frances Nethercott 《Studies in East European Thought》2009,61(2-3):189-196
This essay discusses criminal law theories in late Imperial Russia. It argues that, although the political climate of Reform and Counter Reform effectively undermined attempts to implement new legislation premised on the idea of the ‘rights-enabled person’ (pravovaya lichnost’), paradoxically, it fostered the growth of juridical scholarship. Russian criminal law theorists engaged critically with Western juridical science, which, beginning in the 1870s, witnessed a shift away from absolutist theories inspired by the classics of philosophical idealism towards various strains of positivism arguing for the restoration of the person as a concrete, physiological being. However, while Russian scholars were drawn to these new trends of criminal anthropology and the sociology of crime, they were also obliged to take stock of an indigenous legal culture that scarcely differentiated between pravo and zakon, together with a long tradition of customary practices that equated crime and punishment with sin and redemption. 相似文献