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91.
Familiarity with a word can be divided into two main components: familiarity with the form of the word (due to both its lexicality
and its specific form) and familiarity with its meaning. In this study, ratings of familiarity were compared for words whose
meaning was unknown to participants (UM words), for words of known meaning (KM words), and for unknown words (U words). Linguistic
and experiential frequencies were equivalent. Rated familiarity was lower for UM than KM words and even lower for U words.
Next, we built pseudowords from these stimuli by changing one letter and submitted them to two familiarity rating tasks that
differed in the nature of the additional stimuli: either only nonwords or nonwords plus words. It was assumed that familiarity
ratings would be lower for pseudowords built from UM words than for pseudowords built from KM words. The data were consistent
with this assumption, and ratings depended on the initial categories of stimuli. These results support the view that usual
word familiarity has two components, familiarity with form and familiarity with meaning, and a double source, processing of
word form and processing of word meaning. The full set of these materials and norms may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
92.
Fran Butterfoss Suzanne Cashman Pennie Foster-Fishman Michelle Kegler Bill Berkowitz 《American journal of community psychology》2001,29(6):967-970
Other Index
Index to Volume 29 相似文献93.
It has been known for some time that the recognition of a noun is affected by the gender marking, such as masculine or feminine, that is carried by a preceding word. In this study, we used auditory naming to examine how early and late English-French bilinguals react to gender marking when processing French. The early bilinguals showed clear facilitation and inhibition effects, but the late bilinguals were totally insensitive to gender marking, whether congruent or incongruent. The results are discussed in terms of current accounts of gender processing as well as age of acquisition and regular use of the gender-marking language. 相似文献
94.
Noradrenergic control of odor recognition in a nonassociative olfactory learning task in the mouse 下载免费PDF全文
Veyrac A Nguyen V Marien M Didier A Jourdan F 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2007,14(12):847-854
The present study examined the influence of pharmacological modulations of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system on odor recognition in the mouse. Mice exposed to a nonrewarded olfactory stimulation (training) were able to memorize this odor and to discriminate it from a new odor in a recall test performed 15 min later. At longer delays (30 or 60 min), the familiar odor was no longer retained, and both stimuli were perceived as new ones. Following a post-training injection of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist dexefaroxan, the familiar odor was still remembered 30 min after training. In contrast, both the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist UK 14304 and the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP-4 prevented the recognition of the familiar odor 15 min after the first exposure. Noradrenaline release in the olfactory bulb, assessed by measurement of the extracellular noradrenaline metabolite normetanephrine, was increased by 62% following dexefaroxan injection, and was decreased by 38%-44% after treatment with UK 14304 and DSP-4. Performance of mice in the recall test was reduced by a post-training injection of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol or the alpha(1)-antagonist prazosin, thus implicating a role for beta- and alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in the facilitating effects of noradrenaline on short-term olfactory recognition in this model. 相似文献
95.
96.
Developmental changes in gender composition of friendship networks in adolescent girls and boys 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article describes both normative changes and individual differences in the gender composition of girls' and boys' friendship networks across adolescence and predicts variations in these changes. It also examines changes in the characteristics (context, age difference, closeness, and support) of same- and other-sex friendships in the network. Girls and boys (N=390) were interviewed annually from Grades 6 to 10 (76% retention). Growth in the proportion of other-sex friends was significantly more pronounced for girls and was related to different predictors for girls and boys. Moreover, over time, girls had other-sex friends that were increasingly older than themselves, and most of these friendships took place outside of the school, which was not the case for boys. Growth in the proportion of other-sex friends was more pronounced for secondary than for best friends. Finally, both girls and boys reported receiving higher levels of help from girls than from boys. These findings suggest that other-sex friendships might place some of the girls on a problematic developmental trajectory. 相似文献
97.
Few studies have examined whether training can improve competency in intervening with suicidal youths. In this study we attempted to verify the effectiveness of such a training program on helper competency. Forty-three helpers who received the training were compared with 28 helpers who did not. Participants who received the training improved in knowledge, attitudes, and intervention skills following the training, compared with the control group across measures. Their gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. In this sample, implementation of a one-time training program improved helpers' competencies in youth suicide intervention. 相似文献
98.
Mishara BL Chagnon F Daigle M Balan B Raymond S Marcoux I Bardon C Campbell JK Berman A 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2007,37(3):308-321
A total of 2,611 calls to 14 helplines were monitored to observe helper behaviors and caller characteristics and changes during the calls. The relationship between intervention characteristics and call outcomes are reported for 1,431 crisis calls. Empathy and respect, as well as factor-analytically derived scales of supportive approach and good contact and collaborative problem solving were significantly related to positive outcomes, but not active listening. We recommend recruitment of helpers with these characteristics, development of standardized training in those methods that are empirically shown to be effective, and the need for research relating short-term outcomes to long-term effects. 相似文献
99.
Renate von Grünigen Sonja Perren Christof Nägele Françoise D. Alsaker 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2010,28(3):679-697
The study investigates peer acceptance and victimization of immigrant and Swiss children in kindergarten classes. Our first aim is to compare peer acceptance and victimization of Swiss and immigrant children. Secondly, we explore the role of their local language competences (LLCs). The sample was drawn from kindergartens in communities in the German‐speaking part of Switzerland. A representative sample of 568 boys and 522 girls (mean age 5.8 years) took part in the research. Teachers completed questionnaires on children's victimization, bullying, and LLC. The nationality background of parents was indicated by teachers and parents. To assess peer acceptance, a peer nomination method was used. Immigrant children showed less acceptance by peers and were more often victimized than their Swiss peers. There was a significant interaction effect for LLC and national background of mothers, showing that LLC was positively associated with peer acceptance for children of an immigrant background but not for Swiss children. Furthermore, peer acceptance mediated the effect of national background of mothers on victimization. Results are discussed in terms of the need to improve immigrant children's LLC. 相似文献
100.
François Sirois 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2014,95(2):271-289
This paper presents a re‐evaluation of Kris's personal myth. The notion has been used rather sparingly despite the Delphi Symposium in 1984 on the question of its clinical usefulness. After framing the notion of myth, some difficulties related to the question are identified. A clinical vignette exemplifies some of the ambiguities in its definition but stresses its clinical relevance. A discussion expands on these situations so as to propose three various aspects of personal myths to account for the two variants identified by Kris. The actualization of the underlying fantasy in the character organization is a third form and the technical aspect associated with it is reviewed from a new perspective. The family romance is revisited to reassess its role as the basis of the personal myth in the face of studies favouring an earlier development of the myth. 相似文献