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141.
The purpose of this article is to compare the theory and reality of agricultural research networks in sub-Saharan Africa.
Networking is a mode of organization that generally suits the new environmental conditions. The analysis of the agricultural
research network environment in sub-Saharan Africa shows that when institutional networks started to proliferate, human and
institutional conditions were not yet ripe. This explained some of the problems. Nowadays, conditions have improved. Despite
all difficulties, networks have contributed to creating a scientific community, have participated in apportioning and even
harmonizing research activities, and have made it possible to maintain research activities in countries going through a crisis.
Marie de Lattre-Gasquet is a researcher from the Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement
(CIRAD), in France. Within the external relations directorate of CIRAD, she has been responsible for the relationships between
CIRAD and international organizations. She has also actively participated in the preparation of CIRAD’s long-term strategy.
She worked for the International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) in The Netherlands from 1983 to 1985.
She holds a Master in International Management (AGSIM, Thunderbird Campus) and a Doctorate in Economy (Université de Paris
X).
He is mostly working on the agricultural research networks in sub-Saharan Africa. He holds a diploma from the Institut National
d’Agronomie—Paris Grignon. 相似文献
142.
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144.
Fran H. Norris Ph.D. Stanley A. Murrell 《American journal of community psychology》1988,16(5):665-683
As participants in a panel study, 234 older adults were interviewed before, as well as after, serious flooding occurred in southeastern Kentucky. Floods are not uncommon in this area, but these were more widespread than most, and resulted in both previously exposed and newly exposed subsamples of disaster victims. Flood impact was measured at both personal and community levels. With preflood symptoms controlled, there were modest flood effects on both trait anxiety and weather-specific distress in older adults without prior flood experience, but no flood effects in older adults who had been in floods before. Thus, the study provides support for the "inoculation hypothesis" and other conceptualizations that emphasize the advantage of being familiar or experienced with a stressor that is at hand. An implication is that "experienced" victims could be a valuable resource in prevention efforts. 相似文献
145.
A patient suffering from a primary myocardiopathy is suddenly no longer able to recognize speech and environmental sounds, in spite of good peripheral hearing; he remains able to speak, read, and write. The C.T. scan shows lesions involving both supratemporal planes. The cortical sensory deficit documented by the absence of late acoustic evoked potentials leads to a diagnosis of cortical deafness rather than of auditory agnosia. 相似文献
146.
Ronald A. Cole Max Coltheart Fran Allard 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1974,26(1):1-7
Subjects were presented with a sequence of two letters, each letter spoken in either a male or female voice. On each trial, the subject was required to indicate, as quickly as possible, whether the two letters had the same name. Reaction times (RTs) were faster for letters spoken in the same voice for both “same” and “different” responses, even when letters were separated by 8 s. These results are incompatible with the notion of physical and name codes in auditory memory since a “different” response should always be based on a comparison of letter names and should not be influenced by voice quality. It was also found that RTs were not influenced by the phonemic distinctive feature similarity of the letters. 相似文献
147.
Jean-Franois Albanse 《Brain and language》1985,24(2):284-296
Forty English-French bilinguals divided into equal numbers of nonfluent and fluent subjects took part in a dichotic listening test involving both intralingual and interlingual conditions. No difference in lateralization was found between primary and secondary language in either condition. In the intralingual condition, however, fluent bilinguals showed a significantly lower right ear advantage than did their nonfluent counterparts. In the interlingual condition, French-dominant subjects were found to be more ambilateral than English-dominant subjects, while both groups tended to respond preferentially to French words. These results suggest that growing bilingual proficiency does increase left ear/right hemisphere participation, but in intralingual situations only. Moreover, when both languages are contrasted, French appears to be more salient than English. 相似文献
148.
149.
Anne-Marie Bonnel Jean-Fran ois Stein Pierre Bertucci 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1992,44(4):601-626
In a previous study assessing the modulation of visual processing by attention, Bonnel, Possami, and Schmitt showed that, when discriminating line-length, subjects precisely shared processing resources between two pairs of lines presented to the left and right of fixation. In a close replication requiring the detection of luminance increments instead of line-length differences, subjects were unable to follow the instructions and to allocate attention differentially, thus supporting the claim that light detection is fundamentally different from shape discrimination. In a subsequent experiment, we tested and rejected the possibility that luminance perception was not open to modulation by attention due to its physical nature. Replacing brightness detection by brightness identification allowed voluntary control on the quality of processing to be evidenced. The similarity between the latter results and the data from line-length discrimination suggests that task requirements may be crucial in determining the distribution of attention. 相似文献
150.
Fran ois Rigalleau David Caplan Vanessa Baudiffier 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2004,57(5):893-933
This paper examines the automatic and strategic use of gender information in pronominal processing. Experiments 1 and 2 used short sentences where a pronoun was preceded by two potential antecedents. Results showed that even when adult readers did not use pronominal gender to strategically accelerate pronominal resolution, they remained sensitive to a gender disagreement between the pronoun and its potential referents. This gender sensitivity was further explored in Experiments 3 and 4. These experiments used longer texts where only one of the two potential referents was highly accessible when the pronoun was encountered. A gender disagreement between the pronoun and this antecedent induced longer reading times. The four experiments confirm the existence of a nonstrategic gender coindexation process between a pronoun and the entity in the focus of a discourse. 相似文献