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271.
Shari M. Sias Glenn W. Lambie Victoria A. Foster 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2006,26(2):99-110
The relationship among substance abuse counselors' education, experience, recovery status, and cognitive development (conceptual complexity and moral reasoning levels) was examined in a simultaneous multiple regression. Significant relationships were found between counselors' level of conceptual complexity and moral reasoning and their education. Implications for counselor training are presented. 相似文献
272.
Rebecca H. Foster Stephanie Kozachek Marilyn Stern Sarah H. Elsea 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(2):187-198
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a complex disorder characterized by numerous challenges, including intellectual disability,
speech delay, decreased pain sensitivity, sleep disturbances, hyperactivity, mood instability, and self-injury. Caregivers
must readily adapt to the ever-changing needs of the child. Due to these demands, caregivers may encounter difficulties maintaining
their own level of well-being. Thus, a total of 112 primary caregivers (i.e., parents) of individuals diagnosed with SMS responded
to online questionnaires to assess demographic and psychosocial factors, such as perceptions of child health vulnerability,
benefit finding, sleep behaviors, anxiety and depression symptomatology, and caregiver satisfaction and self-efficacy, which
may be related to caregiver well-being. Results show that, among mothers, caregiver well-being was directly related to perceived
child health vulnerability, caregiver satisfaction, and benefit finding, and a significant moderating effect was observed
for depression/anxiety counseling after beginning the caregiver role on the relationship between anxiety symptomatology and
caregiver well-being. Results further suggest that maternal caregivers who report high levels of anxiety but do not seek counseling
fair the worst in terms of well-being. Among fathers, lower depression symptoms and greater benefit finding were related to
higher levels of caregiver well-being. These data show that many factors play roles in influencing coping and well-being among
SMS caregivers. Investigating these variables and relationships may reveal additional resources and interventions to assist
primary caregivers. 相似文献
273.
Detection of deception and confirmation of truth telling with conventional polygraphy raised a host of technical and ethical issues. Recently, newer methods of recording electromagnetic signals from the brain show promise in permitting the detection of deception or truth telling. Some are even being promoted as more accurate than conventional polygraphy. While the new technologies raise issues of personal privacy, acceptable forensic application, and other social issues, the focus of this paper is the technical limitations of the developing technology. Those limitations include the measurement validity of the new technologies, which remains largely unknown. Another set of questions pertains to the psychological paradigms used to model or constrain the target behavior. Finally, there is little standardization in the field, and the vulnerability of the techniques to countermeasures is unknown. Premature application of these technologies outside of research settings should be resisted, and the social conversation about the appropriate parameters of its civil, forensic, and security use should begin. 相似文献
274.
275.
William P. Bottom Cheryl L. Eavey Gary J. Miller Stephen Foster 《Behavior research methods》1995,27(3):317-321
Small groups are called upon to make important policy decisions under a wide variety of procedural constraints. ACPE is a flexible, computerized system for conducting small-group voting experiments. It permits researchers to examine the impact of electronic communication on group deliberation and choice. The system runs under a variety of different personal computer networks and is designed to permit the specification of voting rules, communication, and group sizes. The system also facilitates the study of group process by tracking all messages sent and votes taken. An experiment in which the system was used is briefly described. 相似文献
276.
Response Form, Force, And Number: Effects On Concurrent-schedule Performance 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
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![点击此处可从《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Six hens responded on concurrent variable-interval (key-peck) variable-interval (door-push) schedules of reinforcement in which the second-order (fixed-ratio) requirements on the alternatives (Experiment 1) or the required door forces (Experiment 2) were varied. The key-peck and door-push response (measured as fixed-ratio completion) and time data were well described by the generalized matching law. However, the manipulations of fixed-ratio requirement and required response force differed in their effects. The manipulations of fixed-ratio size affected the response and time measures differently, producing fairly constant, multiplicative biases only in terms of response allocation. It was argued that variations in fixed-ratio size necessarily change the time allocated to that response unit, and thus changes in time bias were not necessarily a fundamental effect of changing the ratio. In contrast, the changes in response bias were a fundamental result of changes in ratio size. The response-force manipulations produced similar bias shifts in terms of response and time allocation, but they appeared to combine with relative reinforcement rate to affect choice interactively. Specifically, behavior appeared to be biased towards the least effortful (i.e., key-peck) response, but the increases in door force had a larger effect on bias when the hens were making this response infrequently (on a lean schedule). The different effects of the fixed-ratio and response-force manipulations on concurrent performance were partially accounted for by the differing times required to complete each response unit under those manipulations, but this would not account for the interaction. The interaction would be consonant with increased response effort decreasing the effective value of the associated reinforcement schedule. 相似文献
277.
Haylett Wendy J. Tilley Donna Scott Spencer Becky Hwang Shann Hwa Akard Terrah Foster 《Journal of child and family studies》2021,30(9):2225-2237
Journal of Child and Family Studies - The death of a child is a tragic, devastating event with enormous emotional and relational impact on the family unit. Parental changes are significant,... 相似文献
278.
Thomas H. Stone Jeff Foster Brian D. Webster Jennifer Harrison I. M. Jawahar 《人类行为》2016,29(5):428-446
We examined gender differences in supervisor ratings of overall job performance and 37 performance dimensions. Based on data from a large, diverse sample of managers (N = 3,367) and nonmanagers (N = 9,670), we found that gender had only minimal effects on ratings for a small number of specific job performance dimensions. This was generally true regardless of whether the job performance dimension was more agentic or communal in nature, whether the job was a managerial or a nonmanagerial position, and regardless of the proportion of men or women that traditionally occupy a specific job. Overall, our results are more consistent with the gender similarities hypothesis than the agency/communion paradigm, role congruity theory, and the lack of fit model. We discuss future research avenues and implications. 相似文献
279.
From ‘Virgin Births’ to ‘Octomom’: Representations of Single Motherhood via Sperm Donation in the UK News
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![点击此处可从《Journal of community & applied social psychology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The use of sperm donation by single women has provoked public, professional and political debate. Newspapers serve as a critical means of both broadcasting this debate and effecting a representation of this user group within the public sphere. This study uses the theory of social representations to examine how single motherhood by sperm donation has been represented in the UK news over time. The study sampled news coverage on this topic in eight British newspapers during three 4‐year periods between the years 1988 and 2012. The dataset of news reports (n = 406) was analysed using a qualitative approach. Findings indicated that UK media reports of single women using donor sperm are underpinned by conventional categories of the ‘personal’, the ‘traditional’ and the ‘natural’ that when paired with their corollaries produce a representation of this user group as the social ‘other’. The amount of coverage on this topic over time was found to vary according to the political orientation of different media sources. Using key concepts from social representations theory, this article discusses the relationship between themata and anchoring in the maintenance of representations of the social ‘other’ in mass mediated communication. Findings are explained in relation to theoretical conceptions of the mass media and its position within the public sphere. It is argued that the use of personal narratives in news reports of single mothers by sperm donation may have significant implications for public understandings of this social group. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
280.
Monique Peisley T. Mary Foster Rebecca J. Sargisson 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2020,53(1):121-133
Prospective memory is remembering to carry out a behavior on a particular occasion or at a specific time in the future. This form of remembering is critical for the daily functioning of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their functional independence from caregivers. We used a single-subject design to investigate whether reinforcement increased the accuracy of prospective remembering in the context of a computerized board game, Virtual Week, of four 6- to 7-year-old children diagnosed with ASD. Reinforcement increased accuracy for all participants compared to baseline performance and effects were maintained after reinforcement was discontinued for three of four children. This is the first study of which we are aware to use a reinforcement-based behavioral intervention to improve the prospective remembering of children with ASD. Limitations and areas for future research are discussed. 相似文献