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101.
Marilyn Ford 《Synthese》2005,146(1-2):71-92
Three studies of human nonmonotonic reasoning are described. The results show that people find such reasoning quite difficult,
although being given problems with known subclass-superclass relationships is helpful. The results also show that recognizing
differences in the logical strengths of arguments is important for the nonmonotonic problems studied. For some of these problems,
specificity – which is traditionally considered paramount in drawing appropriate conclusions – was irrelevant and so should
have lead to a “can’t tell” response; however, people could give rational conclusions based on differences in the logical
consequences of arguments. The same strategy also works for problems where specificity is relevant, suggesting that in fact
specificity is not paramount. Finally, results showed that subjects’ success at responding appropriately to nonmonotonic problems
involving conflict relies heavily on the ability to appreciate differences in the logical strength of simple, non-conflicting,
statements. 相似文献
102.
A POSTMODERN APPROACH TO WOMEN'S USE OF VIOLENCE: DEVELOPING MULTIPLE AND COMPLEX CONCEPTUALIZATIONS 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We review the research on intimate partner abuse and, in particular, the articles in this issue, from within a feminist and postmodern framework. Research on women's use of violence is reviewed in terms of how researchers have constructed and measured violence and have conceptualized intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender. What and how we measure determines what we find ( McHugh & Cosgrove, 2005 ). We call for new conceptualizations of intimate violence and for more complex constructions of gender. We offer a postmodern perspective on gender and IPV arguing that interpersonal violence always involves gender, that approach and method influence results, and that men and women use violence in both similar and different ways. 相似文献
103.
104.
Julian D. Ford John F. Chapman Geraldine Pearson Randy Borum Jennifer Meltzer Wolpaw 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):87-99
This study replicates and extends studies of the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument, Version 2 (MAYSI-2) in a sample of 479 urban, rural, and suburban 12–16 year old youths (68% boys; 41% African American, 23% Latino)
consecutively admitted to juvenile detention centers. Six principal components replicated the MAYSI-2 factor-analytically-derived
subscales except for Depression/Anxiety, and suggested modifications of specific items in each sub-scale. Findings supported
the internal consistency and validity of the modified MAYSI-2 sub-scales. Few gender differences emerged, except that girls
reported higher levels of hopelessness and trauma than boys. Five sub-groups were identified based on component profiles:
(1) non-clinical, (2) addiction, somatic problems, and suicidality, (3) anger problems, (4) thought disturbance, and (5) addiction
and traumatic stress. The findings support the validity of the MAYSI-2 for juvenile justice mental health screening while
highlighting possible refinements in scoring in order to identify delinquent youths with distinctive psychosocial risks and
needs. 相似文献
105.
Two studies were conducted to provide the first empirical examination of the factor structure of a revised version of the clinically derived Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress, a structured interview designed to assess associated features of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) thought to be related to early onset, interpersonal, and prolonged traumatic exposure. Five factors representing demoralization, somatic dysregulation, anger dysregulation, risk/self-harm, and altered sexuality were derived from an exploratory factor analysis conducted with adult trauma survivors in substance abuse treatment. They provided a good fit in a confirmatory factor analysis conducted in a second study with a nonclinical sample of ethnoculturally diverse, socioeconomically disadvantaged, incarcerated adults. Evidence of the derived factors' internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity is reported. Evidence supported the association of these factors with interpersonal trauma (physical and/or sexual), its repetition, and its earlier onset. Implications for clinical assessment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder are discussed. 相似文献
106.
Margaret L. Williams Holly H. Brower Lucy R. Ford Larry J. Williams Shawn M. Carraher 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2008,81(4):639-668
We describe the results of two studies designed to develop a comprehensive theoretical model and measure of compensation satisfaction. Our typology of compensation satisfaction consists of seven dimensions: four for pay (level, structure, raises, and variable pay procedures satisfaction) and three dimensions for benefits (level, determination, and administration satisfaction). We used new and existing items to develop the Comprehensive Compensation Satisfaction Questionnaire. In Study 1, we report the results of exploratory factor analysis that supports a seven‐factor structure. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis supported the same seven‐factor structure in a different sample. We examined relationships between the compensation satisfaction dimensions and their antecedents and consequences. Seven hypotheses regarding differential antecedents of compensation satisfaction were supported. Satisfaction with aspects of compensation procedures were related to perceived organizational support, and perceived organizational support mediated the relationships between these compensation satisfaction procedures and affective commitment and turnover intentions. Our final analysis yielded a 29‐item scale (including eight new items) which we recommend for use in future compensation satisfaction research. 相似文献
107.
Samuel Cameron Alan Collins Stephen Drinkwater Ford Hickson David Reid Jennifer Roberts Michael Stephens Peter Weatherburn 《Sexuality & culture》2009,13(3):135-151
This paper explores and reflects upon the body of relevant social science data sources containing insights into gay male socio-sexual
lifestyles. Considerable deficiencies seem to feature in this regard with respect to coverage, consistency, content and usability.
The various reasons for collecting data on gay male lifestyles are considered and thought given as to some particular strengths
and weaknesses. Examples of datasets and surveys are used in this light to potentially inform future developments and a critical
perspective on their usage.
相似文献
Samuel CameronEmail: Email: |
108.
We investigated whether directed forgetting as elicited by the item-cueing method results solely from differential rehearsal of to-be-remembered vs. to-be-forgotten words or, additionally, from inhibitory processes that actively impair retrieval of to-be-forgotten words. During study, participants (N = 24) were instructed to remember half of a series of presented words (TBR) and to forget the other half (TBF), as indicated by an instruction cue shown shortly after each word. During test, accuracy and reaction time measures from lexical decisions (indirect memory test) followed by recognition-memory judgements (direct memory test) were supplemented with event-related potential (ERP) recordings. Results from the behavioural measures revealed directed forgetting in the recognition-memory test but not the lexical-decision test. ERPs obtained during recognition indicated that TBR words elicited a larger parietal old/new effect than TBF words overall, suggesting that remember/forget instructions impaired conscious recollection processes more severely than familiarity processes. Moreover, TBF words that were successfully forgotten elicited less parietal activity than correctly rejected new words (the reversed old/new effect; Nowicka, A., Jednorórog, K., Wypych, M., & Marchewka, A. (2009). Reversed old/new effect for intentionally forgotten words: An ERP study of directed forgetting. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 71, 97–102). This was taken to implicate that inhibitory processes likely affected these items. Enhanced negativities for successfully forgotten TBF words relative to new words were observed in the lexical-decision task at early (150–250 ms) and late (800–1000 ms) time windows, suggesting that inhibitory influences disrupt more than just conscious recollection when memory retrieval is tested indirectly. 相似文献
109.
110.
Murray Krim Ph.D. Donald F. Dal Maso C.S.W. Claude Barbre Richard Carter M.Div. James W. Ellis Jr. M. Div. S.T.M. Elisabeth M. Smith M.P.S. James E. Jennings Ph.D. Pamela Davis Barnett M.Ed. M.A. James W. Ellis Jr. M.Div. S.T.M. Kathleen Ford C.S.W. Robert Mills Milton W. Hay D. Min. Judy A. Levitz Ph.D NCPsya Jill Carlen Kirby M.S. Ed. C.S.W. Patrick Minges M.Phil. 《Journal of religion and health》1996,35(2):169-185