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41.
Yolanda Andreu María José Galdón Estrella Durá Sandra Pérez Sergio Murgui 《Psychology & health》2013,28(1):72-87
This longitudinal study was conducted among 102 women with non-metastasic breast cancer to identify the time evolution and prevalence of distress at specific times through diagnosis and treatment of disease: preliminary diagnosis, surgery, definitive diagnosis and chemotherapy. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the role of demographic, medical and psychosocial factors on distress. The results indicated that prevalence of distress was higher at initial diagnosis (25%) than the following time points (approximately 17%). The differences inter-individuals in the levels of distress were observed over the four assessments. No relation between distress and demographic and medical factors was found. However, psychosocial aspects were significant risk factors. Patterns of emotional suppression and specific coping responses like helplessness/hopelessness, anxious preoccupation, cognitive avoidance and fatalism were positively related to distress, whereas fighting spirit and perceived social support showed a protective role. Moreover, helplessness/hopelessness and anxious preoccupation jointly predicted 75% of cases and 98% non-cases of distress. Finally, a mediational model between emotional suppression and distress through helplessness/hopelessness was tested. Results support the necessity of routine distress screening all through the illness. Implications of data for psychosocial interventions with breast cancer patients are highlighted. 相似文献
42.
Robert Logie Elizabeth Maylor Sergio Della Sala Geoff Smith 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2013,25(3):441-456
An experiment is reported examining the role of working memory in two laboratory‐based prospective memory (PM) tasks. Participants viewed a film for a later recognition memory task while simultaneously monitoring auditorially presented arithmetic problems for incorrect solutions. The arithmetic verification task was either low demand or high demand. In addition, participants were required either to indicate whenever an animal appeared in the film (event‐based PM task), or whenever 3 min had elapsed (time‐based PM task). PM performance was higher when the arithmetic task was low demand than when it was high demand. Young participants were more successful in both PM tasks than older participants, but only under high demand. Age did not interact with PM task type overall, and the young participants were faster overall in both types of PM task. Taken together, the results indicate that working memory plays an important role in PM tasks. 相似文献
43.
Decision making requires the recruitment of several cognitive processes. So far, however, few studies have dealt with the role of inhibitory control in this domain. In this study, we aim to examine this issue in a memory-based decision task by using an adaptation of the retrieval practice paradigm (Anderson, Bjork, & Bjork, 1994). The retrieval-induced forgetting found through this task is normally explained in terms of inhibition. Specifically, we analyse how retrieval practice may affect what alternatives are selected as well as the choice probability and attribute recall. Our data show a relation between the recall impairment of the attributes due to retrieval practice and biased decisions. 相似文献
44.
Sergio Tenenbaum 《The Philosophical quarterly》2003,53(212):392-409
Simon Blackburn defends a 'quasi-realist' view intended to preserve much of what realists want to say about moral discourse. According to error theory, moral discourse is committed to indefensible metaphysical assumptions. Quasi-realism seems to preserve ontological frugality, attributing no mistaken commitments to our moral practices. In order to make good this claim, quasi-realism must show that (a) the seemingly realist features of the 'surface grammar' of moral discourse can be made compatible with projectivism; and (b) certain realist-sounding statements which we might use in describing the nature of our moral commitments can be understood in projectivist terms. Much attention has been devoted to whether quasi-realism can deliver (a). I raise an important difficulty with regard to (b). 相似文献
45.
Mark S. Oordt PhD ABPP Professor of Psychology David A. Jobes PhD ABPP Vincent P. Fonseca MD MhH Steven M. Schmidt PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(1):21-32
Remarkably little systematic research has studied the effects of clinical suicidology training on changing practitioner attitudes and behaviors. In the current study we investigated whether training in an empirically‐based assessment and treatment approach to suicidal patients administered through a continuing education workshop could meaningfully impact professional practices, clinic policy, clinician confidence, and beliefs posttraining and 6 months later. At the 6 month follow‐up we found that 44% of practitioners reported increased confidence in assessing suicide risk, 54% reported increased confidence in managing suicidal patients, 83% reported changing suicide care practices, and 66% reported changing clinic policy. These results suggest that a brief and carefully developed workshop training experience can potentially change provider perceptions and behaviors with a possible impact on clinical care therein. 相似文献
46.
Ponzo illusion has been explained by considering either just the inducing elements present in a restricted area of the visual
field, the same area in which the test elements are located, or the stimulus configuration as a whole in which even the most
distal figural elements – i.e., the external converging lines, here called “Ponzo wedge”– play a crucial role.
The two studies reported here aimed at showing that both global configurational characteristics and inducing elements locally
interacting with the test stimuli can independently affect the illusory effect. This hypothesis was tested using stimuli in
which graphic-inducing elements giving rise to a herringbone pattern (Coren & Girgus, 1978) were drawn in the same area of
the test segments.
Results of Exp. 1 confirmed the effect of the two factors. In particular, both factors proved to determine the illusion, since
they induced illusory effects either in isolation or in the same/opposite direction. In Exp. 2 the relative weight of these
two factors was evaluated in relation to the width of the angle of the inducing elements and to the distance of the test segments
from the vertex. Results showed no linear relationships between the distance of the test segments from the external inducing
elements and the weight of the Ponzo wedge factor.
Received: 25 June 1996 / Accepted: 1 October 1997 相似文献
47.
48.
Fonseca Wald Eric L. A. Hendriksen Jos G. M. Drenthen Gerald S. Kuijk Sander M. J. V. Aldenkamp Albert P. Vles Johan S. H. Vermeulen R. Jeroen Debeij-van Hall Mariette H. J. A. Klinkenberg Sylvia 《Neuropsychology review》2019,29(4):421-449
Neuropsychology Review - Cognition in absence epilepsy (AE) is generally considered undisturbed. However, reports on cognitive deficits in AE in recent years have suggested otherwise. This review... 相似文献
49.
Alessandro Gennaro Sergio Salvatore Diego Rocco Andrea Auletta 《Journal of constructivist psychology》2017,30(2):105-126
The two-stage semiotic model (TSSM) suggests that the basic dynamics of a psychotherapy process could be described in terms of alternation of two different processes aimed respectively at constraining patients’ meanings regulating experience and action (deconstructive process) and at supporting the elaboration of innovative meanings (constructive process). The present case study tests the specificity of each of these processes in terms of clinically relevant features detected at interpersonal, intrapsychical, and clinical levels. A 76-session good-outcome psychodynamic treatment was studied. The results enable constructive and deconstructive sessions to be differentiated in terms of interaction modalities and the patient's modalities of thinking. This is consistent with the TSSM hypothesis that the constructive and deconstructive sessions are composed of qualitatively different clinical processes. 相似文献
50.
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics - Experimental instructions to judge differences or ratios of subjective heaviness numerically are generally assumed to produce judgments linearly... 相似文献