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51.
Adriano CT Rodrigues Claudio EM Banzato 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2010,5(1):5
Background
Delusion is one of the most intriguing psychopathological phenomena and its conceptualization remains the subject of genuine debate. Claims that it is ill-defined, however, are typically grounded on essentialist expectations that a given definition should capture the core of every instance acknowledged as delusion in the clinical setting. 相似文献52.
53.
Christine Yin Man Fong Maria Tims Svetlana N. Khapova Susanne Beijer 《Psychologie appliquee》2021,70(3):1209-1241
Avoidance job crafting refers to employees proactively changing work boundaries by reducing tasks and/or interactions with others. Although avoidance job crafting may help employees to address work demands, if noticed by others, specifically supervisors, it may trigger negative reactions from them. While previous research posits that job crafting is largely unnoticed by supervisors, using a dyadic supervisor-employee study (N = 141 dyads), we found that supervisors were in fact aware of their employees’ avoidance job crafting, which related to a reduction in supervisor support. This relationship was moderated by employee political skill (but not approach job crafting), such that high avoidance job crafting in combination with high political skill resulted in fewer negative outcomes, presumably because supervisors were less likely to notice their employees’ avoidance job crafting. In a second, vignette study (N = 92 supervisors), we experimentally replicated the relation between observed avoidance job crafting and negative supervisor reactions, and found that this relation can be explained by supervisors perceiving avoidance job crafting as destructive work behavior. Our findings introduce the supervisor perspective to the job crafting literature and highlight the importance of engaging in avoidance job crafting in a skillful way that aligns with the external context. 相似文献
54.
Concerns over unethical leader behavior persist in today's workplace. Although some employees continue to support their leaders after learning of their unethical actions, others do not. In this paper, we integrate social cognitive theory with social information processing theory to propose that the support employees give to leaders who act unethically hinges on their propensity to morally disengage. Specifically, we develop a conditional indirect effects model, wherein moral disengagement propensity mitigates the negative impact of unethical leader behavior on leader-directed support via employees’ perceptions of value congruence with and trust in the leader. The sum result is an improved understanding of when and why employees offer support to versus withhold support from leaders who act in ethically questionable ways. 相似文献
55.
56.
MacDonald TK Fong GT Zanna MP Martineau AM 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2000,78(4):605-619
We tested 2 competing theories about the effects of alcohol on intentions to engage in risky behavior. Disinhibition predicts that intoxicated people will exhibit risky behavior regardless of environmental cues, whereas alcohol myopia (C. M. Steele & R. A. Josephs, 1990) predicts that intoxicated people will be more or less likely to exhibit risky behavior, depending on the cues provided. In 4 studies, we found an interaction between intoxication and cue type. When impelling cues were present, intoxicated people reported greater intentions to have unprotected sex than did sober people. When subtle inhibiting cues were present, intoxicated and sober people reported equally cautious intentions (Studies 1-3). When strong inhibiting cues were present, intoxicated people reported more prudent intentions than did sober people (Study 4). We suggest that alcohol myopia provides a more comprehensive account of the effects of alcohol than does disinhibition. 相似文献
57.
Tested the effects of three kinds of postadapation stimuli on short- and long-term spiral aftereffects. Magnitude and duration of short-term aftereffects were significantly reduced by 5 min. of no visual stimulation preceding inspection of the postadaptation field. Results do not support previous findings of long-term aftereffects. 相似文献
58.
Chris L. Kleinke Frederick B. Meeker Carl La Fong 《Journal of research in personality》1974,7(4):368-373
Videotapes were made of actors playing the role of engaged couples in an ostensible interview with a research psychologist. Couples either gazed at each other or did not gaze, used each other's name five times or not at all, and touched each other or did not touch. The videotaped interviews were shown to groups of introductory psychology students for ratings on ten polar adjective scales. Gaze proved to be the most important variable, with gazing couples rated significantly more positively than non-gazing couples on all dimensions. Touching couples were rated more favorably than non-touching couples and name using couples received less favorable ratings than non-name using couples. Results of the study were related to equilibrium theory and discussed within the framework of other research relating nonverbal variables to interpersonal attraction. 相似文献
59.
John B. Jemmott III Loretta Sweet Jemmott Geoffrey T. Fong Konstance McCaffree 《American journal of community psychology》1999,27(2):161-187
This randomized controlled trial tested the effects of a theory-based culture-sensitive HIV risk-reduction intervention among
496 inner-city African American adolescents (mean age = 13 years) and examined the generality of its effects as a function
of the facilitator's race and gender and the gender composition of the intervention group. Adolescents who received the HIV
risk-reduction intervention expressed more favorable behavioral beliefs about condoms, greater self-efficacy, and stronger
condom-use intentions postintervention than did those who received a control intervention on other health issues. Six-month
follow-up data collected on 93% of the adolescents revealed that those who received the HIV risk-reduction intervention reported
less HIV risk-associated sexual behavior, including unprotected coitus, than did their counterparts in the control condition.
Self-reported sexual behavior and changes in self-reported behavior were unrelated to scores on a standard measure of social
desirability response bias. There was strong evidence for the generality of intervention effects. Moderator analyses testing
eight specific interaction hypotheses and correlational analyses indicated that the effects of the HIV risk-reduction intervention
did not vary as a function of the facilitator's race or gender, participant's gender, or the gender composition of the intervention
group.
This research was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD24921),
the National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH45668), and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The
authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions to this research of Margaret Bleier, Daria Boccher-Lattimore, Nancy L. Moore,
Tatiana Perrino, Paul Pintella, and Fran Rosenfeld and the helpful suggestions of Isabel Fernandez, Caryn Lerman, and Ann
O'Leary regarding an earlier version of this article. 相似文献
60.
Fong Chan Andrew J. Rosen Daniel W. Wong Steven Kaplan 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1993,71(5):493-498
In this article the authors report on the development and validation of a computer-based rehabilitation caseload management simulation as a teaching and evaluation tool in counselor education. The computer simulation was administered to 18 rehabilitation students and 18 rehabilitation counselors. Their performance on the simulation was evaluated using six caseload management performance indicators. These performance indicators, derived from the computer simulation, were found to be effective in differentiating the student group from the experienced counselor group using discriminant analysis. Implications for the use of computer simulations in rehabilitation counselor education and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献