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101.
This article examines the relationship between life satisfaction and specific facets of psychological well-being (positive
relations with others and environmental mastery) by considering the moderating effect of significant components of personality,
i.e., traits, values, and implicit motives. Constructs were assessed by the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Scales of Psychological
Well-Being (two subscales), the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Schwartz Value Survey (two value types), and a picture-story
test (implicit motives for achievement and affiliation–intimacy). Analyses revealed that values, implicit motives, and personality
traits moderated the relationship between both types of well-being measures. Findings indicate that personality components
reflecting significant strivings and needs play a crucial role in seeking well-being by assigning meaning to given life domains.
相似文献
Jan HoferEmail: |
102.
We present the theoretical foundation, design, and implementation, of a system that automatically determines the subset relation between two given axiomatizations of propositional modal logics. This is an open problem for automated theorem proving. Our system solves all but six out of 121 instances formed from 11 common axiomatizations of seven modal logics. Thus, although the problem is undecidable in general, our approach is empirically successful in practically relevant situations. 相似文献
103.
The moderating role of behavioral difficulty in the attitude–behavior relationship remains a controversial topic in social psychology. Previous research has been unclear in establishing the direction of this moderation, and 3 theoretical models have been proposed: positive and linear; negative and monotonic; and quadratic. The current paper reports analyses of survey data from 5 different studies that afford measures of environmental attitude, behavior, and behavioral difficulty. Across these studies, we found a substantial and unmoderated average attitude–behavior relationship (r = .54). The data also show that the attitude–behavior relationship is weaker for extremely easy and extremely difficult behaviors. Additional analyses suggest, however, that these reductions in the attitude–behavior relationship are probably because of methodological reasons. 相似文献
104.
Florian Klonek Sascha Tamm Markus J. Hofmann Arthur M. Jacobs 《Psychological research》2009,73(6):871-882
The conflict monitoring theory (CMT) assumes that word-stems associated with several completions should lead to crosstalk
and conflict due to underdetermined responding situation (Botvinick et al. in Psychol Rev 108(3):624–652, 2001). In contrast, the Multiple-Read-Out-Model (MROM) of Jacobs and Grainger (J Exp Psychol 20(6): 1311–1334, 1994) predicts a high level of general lexical activity (GLA) for word-stems with many completions, indicating a higher stimulus
familiarity because these stems are more probable to be read. We compared word-stems with several completions against word-stems
with one possible completion while measuring response times and electrophysiological recordings. Slowest response times and
a distinct FN400 component, which has previously been related to the concept of familiarity (Curran in Memory Cogn 28(6):923–938,
2000), were apparent for word-stems that could only be associated with a single response. These findings support the claims of
the MROM. Furthermore, the lack of the N2-component for word-stems with several completions continues to challenge the EEG-extension
of the CMT (Yeung et al. in Psychol Rev 111(4):2004). 相似文献
105.
Florian Fessel Kai Epstude Neal J. Roese 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2009,110(1):56-64
Four experiments introduced a new conceptual and methodological approach to hindsight bias, traditionally defined as the tendency to exaggerate the a priori predictability of outcomes after they become known. By examining likelihood estimates rooted to specific time points during an unfolding event sequence (videos and short text stories), judged both in foresight and hindsight, we conceptualized hindsight bias as a contrast between two “inevitability curves,” which plotted likelihood against time. Taking timing into account, we defined three new indicators of accuracy: linear accuracy (how well hindsight judgments capture the linear trend of foresight judgments over time), rate accuracy (how well hindsight judgments reflect the slope of foresight judgments over time), and temporal accuracy (how well hindsight judgments specify the overall timing of the full envelope of foresight judgments). Results demonstrated that hindsight judgments showed linear and rate accuracy, but were biased only in terms of lack of temporal accuracy. The oft-used catchphrase “knew it all along effect” was found to be a misnomer, in that participants were well aware in hindsight that their earlier foresight judgments reflected uncertainty. The current research therefore points to one way in which retrospective judgments can be considered biased, yet simultaneously suggests that considerable accuracy exists when people render such judgments. 相似文献
106.
107.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between cultural affiliation, gender and assertive behavior in two distinct socio-cultural groups. Ninety-seven Israeli Arab students and 97 Israeli Jewish students, of both sexes, filled out the Assertion Inventory (Gambrill and Richey 1975) during a class meeting. Analysis of the results indicated differences between the two cultural groups. In general, Arab participants showed a lower level of assertiveness than their Jewish counterparts. Differences between gender and interaction of culture x gender were found in certain factors related to behavior in specific social situations. These findings were discussed on the basis of accepted social behavior within various cultural contexts. 相似文献
108.
Humans are able to perform any voluntary motor response to any environmental stimulus. This cornerstone of the flexibility of human behaviour has been investigated under the label of arbitrary visuomotor mapping. The focus of research has been the question as to how these mappings are executed once the subjects have been instructed appropriately. However, one question has been rather neglected thus far: what, in the first place, enables humans to instantaneously implement any arbitrary S-R mapping by mere instruction! We report an experiment assessing the cross-talk of arbitrary S-R mappings as a part of the instructed task representation, on the one hand, and the cross-talk of repetitively applied mappings, on the other hand. The results show a behavioural dissociation of the cross-talk elicited by instructed and applied mappings, suggesting that the first occurs on the level of task-set, whereas the latter occurs on the level of specific S-R associations. 相似文献
109.
Florian Cova 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2014,17(3):505-521
‘Frankfurt-style cases’ (FSCs) are widely considered as having refuted the Principle of Alternate Possibilities (PAP) by presenting cases in which an agent is morally responsible even if he could not have done otherwise. However, Neil Levy (J Philos 105:223–239, 2008) has recently argued that FSCs fail because we are not entitled to suppose that the agent is morally responsible, given that the mere presence of a counterfactual intervener is enough to make an agent lose responsibility-grounding abilities. Here, I distinguish two kinds of Frankfurt counter-arguments against the PAP: the direct and the indirect counter-arguments. I then argue that Levy’s argument, if valid, can shed doubt on the indirect argument but leaves the direct argument untouched. I conclude that FSCs can still do their job, even if we grant that the mere presence of a counterfactual intervener can modify an agent’s abilities. 相似文献
110.