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81.
Twenty couples living together, 10 married and 10 unmarried, were given the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and a questionnaire on the performance of household responsibilities. Findings provided partial support for hypotheses relating more traditional sex roles, living arrangements, and division of household responsibilities. Results also indicated a greater variability in household responsibilities for unmarried males and for males and females who were not traditionally sex typed. The latter results support a model which was formulated relating changes in sex-role attitudes with changes in sex-related behavior. In this model, a period of uncertainty intervenes between the change in attitude and the change in related behavior. 相似文献
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Kathleen E. Marano Jason C. Vladescu Kenneth F. Reeve Florence DiGennaro Reed 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2020,53(1):296-304
We assessed the effects of trainees observing and rating the accuracy of others implementing a paired-stimulus preference assessment from video on the trainees' subsequent implementation accuracy. These observational experiences increased implementation accuracy with both a confederate and an actual consumer. These results suggest conducting observations and accuracy ratings may prepare staff to implement behavioral procedures without need of a dedicated trainer. 相似文献
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In apes, four criteria are set to explore referential and intentional communication: (1) successive visual orienting between
a partner and distant targets, (2) the presence of apparent attention-getting behaviours, (3) the requirement of an audience
to exhibit the behaviours, and (4) the influence of the direction of attention of an observer on the behaviours. The present
study aimed at identifying these criteria in behaviours used by dogs in communicative episodes with their owner when their
toy is out of reach, i.e. gaze at a hidden target or at the owner, gaze alternation between a hidden target and the owner,
vocalisations and contacts. In this study, an additional variable was analysed: the position of the dog in relation to the
location of the target. Dogs witnessed the hiding of a favourite toy, in a place where they could not get access to. We analysed
how dogs engaged in communicative deictic behaviours in the presence of their owner; four heights of the target were tested.
To control for the motivational effects of the toy on the dogs’ behaviour and for the referential nature of the behaviours,
observations were staged where only the toy or only the owner was present, for one of the four heights. The results show that
gazing at the container and gaze alternation were used as functionally referential and intentional communicative behaviours.
Behavioural patterns of dog position, the new variable, fulfilled the operational criteria for functionally referential behaviour
and a subset of operational criteria for intentional communication: the dogs used their own position as a local enhancement
signal. Finally, our results suggest that the dogs gazed at their owner at optimal locations in the experimental area, with
respect to the target height and their owner’s (or their own) line of gaze. 相似文献
88.
The aim of the present study was to identify the main dimensions of the human-animal relationship in animal husbandry and to test the hypothesis of a coherent system linking attitudes and feelings. A second objective was to assess interindividual differences which could be linked to socioenvironmental or personal factors. The 26-item questionnaire was administered to 197 animal farmers (143 men, 54 women, 3.8% under 25 years old, 45.2% under 40 years, 44.2% under 60 years and 7.1% over 60 years). To include even farmers not in the official agricultural registries, we used a random selection procedure. A principal component analysis of responses followed by varimax rotation yielded two factors accounting for 30.7% of the total variance, a Friendship factor and a Power relationship factor. Significant differences on the Friendship factor were observed between groups by sex of farmers, education, size of the production system, and region of production. There were also differences on the Power relationship factor between groups by age and education. These results validate a questionnaire with 21 items, allowing measurement of positive and negative affects of farmers towards their animals. 相似文献
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Five studies examined the automatic and controlled components of attributional inference in U.S. and East Asian (EA) samples. Studies 1 through 3 used variations of the "anxious woman" paradigm, manipulating the inferential goal (dispositional or situational) and the normative impact of situational constraint information (discounting or augmenting). In each study, U.S. and EA participants under cognitive load produced strong automatic attributions to the focus of their inferential goal (dispositional or situational). Compared with the U.S. cognitive load participants, U.S. no load participants corrected their attributions according to the normative rules of inference. In contrast, EA no load participants corrected in the direction of situational causality, even when the specific content of the situational information provided should have promoted stronger dispositional inferences. Studies 4 and 5 examined and ruled out alternative accounts. Results are discussed in terms of a situational causality heuristic present in EA individuals. 相似文献