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161.
162.
Gilbert R. Parra James P. Olsen Kelly E. Buckholdt Lisa Jobe-Shields Genevieve L. Davis 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(5):596-606
We conducted a pilot study of the initial development of a self-report measure assessing how adolescents react when parents
respond in a helpful manner to their sad emotional experiences. Participants were late adolescents (ages 18–20) attending
a large, racially diverse urban university (N = 86; 75% women; 46% racial/ethnic minority). A broad range of relationship-oriented literatures (e.g., early childhood and
marital) were considered in creating items for the Adolescent Reactions to Parents (ARP) scale. A 3 factor solution (Accepting,
Avoidant, and Attacking) appeared to provide the most parsimonious fit to the data. Adequate levels of reliability were observed
for each of the three ARP subscales. Zero-order correlations among subscales of the ARP were moderate in strength. Findings
indicated that participants who reported more avoidant and attacking reactions also reported more adjustment difficulties
including emotion regulation difficulties and symptoms of depression. Results suggest that the ARP scale has the potential
to be a valuable tool for advancing knowledge related to the socialization of emotions. 相似文献
163.
L. Benn J.E. Harvey P. Gilbert C. Irons 《Personality and individual differences》2005,38(8):1813-1822
This study set out to explore the relationship between recall of parental rearing, social rank, interpersonal trust and homesickness. Eighty-nine first year undergraduates (59 women and 30 men) living away from home and attending the University of Derby completed a set of questionnaires in their sixth week in the first semester at university. Results indicate that recall of supportive parenting is associated with lower homesickness, favourable social rank and greater interpersonal trust. Conversely, recall of parental rejection correlated with great homesickness, feeling inferior to others, and lower interpersonal trust. Two separate multiple regression analyses revealed that both the parental rearing variables, and the social rank and interpersonal trust variables, produced significant models in the prediction of homesickness scores. Mediation analysis suggests that whilst recalling one’s parents as rejecting is directly associated with increased homesickness, it may also generate feelings of inferiority that may lead to distress when moving into new environments. 相似文献
164.
Monica Gilbert Tina Cicolini Anthony Mander 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2005,23(1):71-77
With the advanced deinstitutionalization of the treatment of the mentally ill, the public mental health services in many parts
of Australia are facing serious difficulties in providing adequate community-based treatment to the large numbers of individuals
in need. Overreliance on medication and a diminishing supply of suitably trained therapists may result in an increasing proportion
of patients being denied the benefit of optimal treatment and care which should include evidence-based psychological and behavioral
approaches. In this communication we describe a day program, designed and implemented in Perth, Western Australia, which combines
individual and group therapy provision, and is closely integrated with both primary care and the specialist mental health
services. The program provides an alternative to in-patient admission and is cost-effective by reducing the demand for acute
hospital beds. It is acceptable to patients and produces measurable improvements in symptoms, functioning and subjective well-being.
Address correspondence to Anthony Mander, ENHANCE, Inner City Mental Health Service, Royal Perth Hospital, Box X2213, Perth
6000, Western Australia. 相似文献
165.
Flora Cornish 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2006,16(4):301-315
The popularity of ‘participation’ and ‘empowerment’ in international development discourse is not matched by sophisticated conceptualisation of these terms. Critics have argued that their vagueness allows ‘participation’ and ‘empowerment’ to be used indiscriminately to describe interventions which vary from tokenism to genuine devolving of power to the community. This paper suggests that conceptualising empowerment and participation simply in terms of a scale of ‘more or less’ participation or ‘more or less’ empowerment does not capture the qualitatively different forms of empowerment that are necessary for different activities. Instead, the paper conceptualises participation in terms of concrete domains of action in which people may be empowered to take part. An ethnographic case study of a participatory HIV prevention project run by sex workers in Kolkata illustrates the argument. Four domains of activity in which sex workers may participate are distinguished: (1) participating in accessing project services; (2) participating in providing project services; (3) participating in shaping project workers' activity; (4) participating in defining project goals. To be empowered to participate in each domain depends upon a different set of resources. Asking the question ‘empowerment to do what?’ of health promotion projects is proposed as a way of facilitating appropriate project design. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
166.
Science and Engineering Ethics - Switzerland has an excellent culture of medical research and is a melting pot for medical experts with international expertise. Nevertheless, as in other countries,... 相似文献
167.
Jamie Ward Daisy Thompson‐Lake Roxanne Ely Flora Kaminski 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2008,99(1):127-141
It has been suggested that individuals with synaesthesia may show heightened creativity as a result of being able to form meaningful associations between disparate stimuli (e.g. colour, sound). In this study, a large sample (N=82) of people with various kinds of synaesthesia were given two psychometric tests of creativity (Remote Associates Test, Alternate Uses Test) and were also asked about the amount of time engaged in creative arts (visual art, music). There was a significant tendency for synaesthetes to spend more time engaged in creative arts and this was, at least in part, dependent upon the type of synaesthesia experienced. For example, synaesthetes experiencing vision from music were far more likely to play an instrument than their other synaesthetic counterparts. There was no relationship between this tendency and the psychometric measures of creativity, but synaesthetes did outperform controls on one of the two psychometric measures (Remote Associates). We conclude that the tendency for synaesthetes to be more engaged in art is likely to have a different mechanism to psychometric measures of creativity, and that there is no direct link between them. Although synaesthetes may well perform better on some measures of creativity, we suggest that synaesthetes have better bottom‐up access to certain associations, but are not necessarily better able to use them flexibly (in divergent thinking). 相似文献
168.
Viren Swami Flora Chan Vivien Wong Adrian Furnham Martin J. Tovée 《Journal of applied social psychology》2008,38(4):968-981
This study explored weight‐based discrimination using a range of weight categories, as represented by images of real women with known body mass index (BMI). In the first study, 30 men rated each image according to likelihood of occupational hiring for a managerial post. In the second study, 28 men rated the same images for likelihood of helping behavior following a minor accident. Study results showed that individuals with a slender body weight (BMI = 19–20) were most likely to be hired and helped, while obese (BMI > 30) participants were least likely to be hired and helped. However, results also showed that emaciated (BMI < 15) individuals were likely to be discriminated against. Implications for real‐life settings are discussed. 相似文献
169.
This paper details the responses made by social scientists as well as criminal justice practitioners during 1932 to a study focusing on the status of criminology by the Bureau of Social Hygiene. These responses ultimately led to the publication of the controversial Crime, Law and Social Science (1933), which gave much-needed direction to the development of criminology. Despite the importance of these responses to the creation of criminological thought, only one (by Edwin H. Sutherland) has previously been published. Examining the responses of all of the individual participants in the project gives a clearer picture of controversies and changes which ultimately occurred as the field of criminology gradually became institutionalized as an academic discipline. 相似文献
170.