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11.
Branden Fitelson 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2008,37(6):613-643
First, a brief historical trace of the developments in confirmation theory leading up to Goodman’s infamous “grue” paradox
is presented. Then, Goodman’s argument is analyzed from both Hempelian and Bayesian perspectives. A guiding analogy is drawn
between certain arguments against classical deductive logic, and Goodman’s “grue” argument against classical inductive logic.
The upshot of this analogy is that the “New Riddle” is not as vexing as many commentators have claimed (especially, from a
Bayesian inductive-logical point of view). Specifically, the analogy reveals an intimate connection between Goodman’s problem, and the “problem of old
evidence”. Several other novel aspects of Goodman’s argument are also discussed (mainly, from a Bayesian perspective). 相似文献
12.
Urquhart and Méndez and Salto claim to establish completeness theorems for the system C and two of its negation extensions. In this note, we do the following three things: (1) provide a counterexample to all of these alleged completeness theorems, (2) attempt to diagnose the mistakes in the reported completeness proofs, and (3) provide complete axiomatizations of the desired systems. 相似文献
13.
In this study both adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing controls were presented with conditional reasoning problems using familiar content. In this task both valid and fallacious conditional inferences that would otherwise be drawn can be suppressed if counterexample cases are brought to mind. Such suppression occurs when additional premises are presented, whose effect is to suggest such counterexample cases. In this study we predicted and observed that this suppression effect was substantially and significantly weaker for autistic participants. We take this as evidence that autistics are less contextualised in their reasoning, a finding that can be linked to research on autism on a variety of other cognitive tasks. 相似文献
14.
In this paper, the authors describe their initial investigations in computational metaphysics. Our method is to implement axiomatic metaphysics in an automated reasoning system. In this paper, we describe what we have discovered when the theory of abstract objects is implemented in prover9 (a first-order automated reasoning system which is the successor to otter). After reviewing the second-order, axiomatic theory of abstract objects, we show (1) how to represent a fragment of that theory in prover9’s first-order syntax, and (2) how prover9 then finds proofs of interesting theorems of metaphysics, such as that every possible world is maximal. We conclude the paper by discussing some issues for further research. 相似文献
15.
Branden Fitelson 《Philosophical Studies》2010,148(3):455-465
In Thinking and Acting John Pollock offers some criticisms of Bayesian epistemology, and he defends an alternative understanding of the role of
probability in epistemology. Here, I defend the Bayesian against some of Pollock's criticisms, and I discuss a potential
problem for Pollock's alternative account. 相似文献
16.