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231.
Lauren C. White Fiona J. Moola Joel A. Kirsh Guy E. J. Faulkner 《Journal of child and family studies》2016,25(10):3034-3043
Therapeutic recreation camps have been considered to be an effective context for improving the psychosocial functioning of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, there is limited research regarding their impact on parents. Nine parents participated in two semi-structured interviews before and after their children attended a camp for children with CHD. Parents described their perceptions of their children’s camp experiences and identified the psychosocial utility of camp for themselves. Camp enabled parents to let their children grow and be independent, and helped reduce parents’ restricting and overprotective behaviours. Camp also provided parents with respite care, which alleviated their need to be ‘cardiac’ parents. These findings strengthen the case for therapeutic recreation camps and underscore the importance of expanding camp access to more families affected by CHD. 相似文献
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Alexander C. Wilson Matthias Schwannauer Angela McLaughlin Fiona Ashworth Stella W. Y. Chan 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2018,109(2):259-276
Lang's bioinformational theory of mental imagery proposes that mental imagery and external stimuli engage emotional information-processing systems in similar ways. However, the positive and negative systems are thought to be distinct, so this similarity is likely to show a valence-specific effect. Therefore, we hypothesized that an individual's ability to construct vivid positive, but not negative, mental imagery would predict positive emotional responding to positive visual stimuli, independently of depressive symptoms. Our stimuli were pictures collected through Project Soothe for possible use in psychotherapy ( www.projectsoothe.com ); as these pictures were intended to induce soothing emotion, we hypothesized that theoretically linked variables Self-compassion and Self-criticism would also predict positive responding to the stimuli. A total of 214 participants completed an online study including validated questionnaire measures, mental imagery tasks, and a picture-rating exercise. Only Positive Imagery Vividness and Self-compassion were significant predictors of positive responding to the soothing pictures, even controlling for depressive symptoms, and Negative and General Imagery Vividness. These findings support Lang's theory and provide evidence for individual differences in a positive processing tendency shared across mental imagery-based and perceptual representations. As this relationship is distinct from depressive symptoms, future imagery-based psychotherapies might aim to influence this positive processing tendency. 相似文献
235.
As clinicians working with children who have been sexually abused we have observed that many children choose not to give the therapist a detailed account of their abuse. 1 1‘Children’ refers to children and adolescents.
Our hypothesis is that whether or not children tell their story to the therapist hinges upon several factors: whether they have been believed by their significant (non‐abusing) carer(s); their developmental stage; the therapeutic context; and whether they feel their therapist is available to hear the distressing details of the abuse. We explore this through two case studies and conclude that while children's ability to use therapy is affected by multiple factors – societal, cultural, personal, life histories and beliefs about the value of therapy – telling their therapist the details of their abusive experiences is not necessarily a part of effective therapy. 相似文献
Our hypothesis is that whether or not children tell their story to the therapist hinges upon several factors: whether they have been believed by their significant (non‐abusing) carer(s); their developmental stage; the therapeutic context; and whether they feel their therapist is available to hear the distressing details of the abuse. We explore this through two case studies and conclude that while children's ability to use therapy is affected by multiple factors – societal, cultural, personal, life histories and beliefs about the value of therapy – telling their therapist the details of their abusive experiences is not necessarily a part of effective therapy. 相似文献
236.
Perceived slant is grossly overestimated, such that 5 degrees hills look to be about 20 degrees. However, overestimation is found only in visual and verbal measures of apparent slant; action measures are accurate. This dissociation is consistent with several lines of research that suggest that there exist two perceptual processes, one for visually guided actions and another for explicit awareness. However, studies in other contexts have shown that analogous effects can be the result of differences in the task demands associated with the responses themselves as opposed to the processes underlying the responses. Two experiments are reported in which these alternatives were tested. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that two perceptual processes underlie the dissociation between explicit awareness and visuomotor assessments of perceived slant. 相似文献
237.
Recent neuropsychological evidence, supporting a strong version of Whorfian principles of linguistic relativity, has reinvigorated debate about the role of language in colour categorisation. This paper questions the methodology used in this research and uses a novel approach to examine the unique contribution of language to categorisation behaviour. Results of three investigations are reported. The first required development of objective measures of category coherence and consistency to clarify questions about healthy control performance on the freesorting colour categorisation task used in previous studies. Between-participant consistency was found to be only moderate and the number of colour categories generated was found to vary markedly between individuals. The second study involved longitudinal neuropsychological examination of a patient whose colour categorisation strategy was monitored in the context of a progressive decline in language due to semantic dementia. Performance on measures of category coherence and consistency was found to be relatively stable over time despite a profound decline in the patient's colour language. In a final investigation we demonstrated that, for both the patient and controls, between- and within-participant consistency were higher than expected by (a) random sorting and (b) sorting perceptually similar chips together. These findings indicate that the maintenance of colour categorisation need not depend on language. 相似文献
238.
Ironic control theory proposes that suppressing thoughts leads to increased occurrence of the suppressed thought because monitoring for the unwanted thought leads to intrusions. This study investigated the influence of suppressing unwanted thoughts on dream content. One hundred participants who had high or low levels of tendency to suppress unwanted thoughts nominated an intrusive thought, and half of the participants were instructed to suppress that thought for 5 min prior to sleeping. Participants completed a dream diary upon waking, which was subsequently rated by independent raters for dream content. In terms of the 79 participants who reported dreaming, more high suppressors who were instructed to suppress dreamt about the intrusive thought than high suppressors in the control condition. There was no difference between low suppressors in the suppression and control conditions. These results suggest that dream content can be influenced by attempted suppression prior to sleep, and this is particularly apparent in people with a tendency to suppress unwanted thoughts. 相似文献
239.
Dr Greg Murray Fiona Judd Henry Jackson Caitlin Fraser Angela Komiti Pip Pattison Garry Robins 《Australian journal of psychology》2009,61(3):167-174
Fifty items from Goldberg's International Personality Item Pool were compiled to form a public‐domain measure of personality, the Australian Personality Inventory (API). Data from a random community sample (N = 7615) and a university‐based sample (N = 271) were used to explore psychometric properties of this 50‐item measure of the five‐factor model of personality (FFM). In both samples, internal reliabilities were adequate. In the university‐based sample an appropriate pattern of convergent and divergent relationship was found between scale scores and domain scores from the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory. After adjusting for an apparent response set (mean response across items), exploratory factor analyses clearly retrieved the FFM in both samples. It is provisionally concluded that raw scale scores from the API provide reliable estimates of the FFM, but adjustment for mean response across the 50 items might clarify the five‐factor structure, especially in less educated samples. 相似文献
240.
Luis CA Abdullah L Paris D Quadros A Mullan M Mouzon B Ait-Ghezala G Crawford F Mullan M 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2009,16(2):203-218
AIMS: Evidence suggests a relationship between peripheral Abeta and AD. We hypothesized that higher levels of serum Abeta(1-42) would be associated with memory impairment, thought to occur early in the disease, and rises in serum Abeta(1-40), which occur later, would be associated with impairment in non-memory measures. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, we examined the relationship of serum Abeta(1-40), Abeta(1-42), and the ratio of Abeta(1-42/1-40) to neuropsychological measures in 40 cognitively normal controls, 13 MCI subjects, and 25 AD patients. RESULTS: Serum Abeta(1-42) and the ratio of Abeta(1-42/1-40) were significantly higher in the MCI group compared to the controls. A significant relationship in the hypothesized direction (poorer scores associated with higher Abeta(1-40) serum levels) was found between Abeta(1-40) and measures of executive functions across the entire cohort of individuals tested and with measures of language and processing speed in the AD group. Regression analysis found that neuropsychological measures accounted for 26% of the variance in serum Abeta(1-40,) in the MCI/AD but not the controls. Furthermore that language and executive measures were significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide preliminary data to partially support our hypotheses and suggest that changes in serum Abeta levels may be attributed to pathological changes within the brain. 相似文献