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81.
83.
根据3年来积累的和峨参野外实验数据,利用元胞自动机模型在计算机上模拟了濒危植物明党参(Changium smyrnioides)的种群生长动态,并选取同科的峨参(Anthriscus sylvestris)作为对照种进行比较分析。模拟结果显示,两个物种在种群中的个体数量均随生殖率m和可利用生境比率h的增大而增加,当生殖率大于0.6732时明党参种群才可在模拟时间尺度上(100年)保持不衰退;峨参生殖率的变化则不会使种群衰退,当m>9.15时,种群密度就不再增加。明党参的最小生境需求值小于峨参。明党参在h大于0.7%时,种群密度不再增加,即明党参最多只能利用生境的0.4%,峨参则可占据生境中位置的81.9%。综合分析模拟参数和结论,我们认为:明党参偏向于K策略,峨参偏向于r策略。本文相关资料对于确定明党参相应的保护措施有重要参考价值。研究元胞自动机在生态学上的初步模拟可以为将来进行更加深入的研究奠定基础。 相似文献
84.
采用Most(2000)的持续动态的实验范式,以圆圈、抽象面孔和真实面孔为非期望刺激,研究其生态意义信息对无意视盲的影响。研究发现:(1)相对于正性面孔和中性面孔,被试对负性面孔作为非期望刺激时的觉察率更高;而对正性面孔和中性面孔作为非期望刺激时的觉察率无显著性差异;(2)相对于圆圈,抽象面孔和真实面孔作为非期望刺激的觉察率更高,而抽象面孔与真实面孔作为非期望刺激时的觉察率均无显著性差异。结果表明,负性的、精细的非期望刺激的无意视盲率更低,即生态意义信息强的非期望刺激更易捕获注意。 相似文献
85.
Pooja K. Agarwal Jason R. Finley Nathan S. Rose Henry L. Roediger III 《Memory (Hove, England)》2017,25(6):764-771
We examined the effects of retrieval practice for students who varied in working memory capacity as a function of the lag between study of material and its initial test, whether or not feedback was given after the test, and the retention interval of the final test. We sought to determine whether a blend of these conditions exists that maximises benefits from retrieval practice for lower and higher working memory capacity students. College students learned general knowledge facts and then restudied the facts or were tested on them (with or without feedback) at lags of 0–9 intervening items. Final cued recall performance was better for tested items than for restudied items after both 10 minutes and 2 days, particularly for longer study–test lags. Furthermore, on the 2-day delayed test the benefits from retrieval practice with feedback were significantly greater for students with lower working memory capacity than for students with higher working memory capacity (r?=??.42). Retrieval practice may be an especially effective learning strategy for lower ability students. 相似文献
86.
Individuals with psychiatric problems are subjected to highly damaging stigma. Some research suggests that this stigma may extend to associates (e.g., family, friends), who themselves report being devalued, avoided, and rejected. The research literature on associative stigma is largely qualitative, and extant quantitative research has utilized only explicit measures which are notably weakened by self-presentational motives. In the current study, 95 undergraduates were randomized to hear one of two audio recorded vignettes pertaining to a fictional mother of a child with either autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or severe asthma. Participants then completed an Implicit Association Test capturing implicit evaluations of the fictional mother and two separate measures of explicit stigma. No group differences for either explicit measure emerged. However, the predicted group difference in implicit stigma emerged, such that the mother of the child with ASD was evaluated less positively than the mother of the child with severe asthma. Implicit-explicit correlations were not statistically significant but in the small to medium range according to effect size conventions. This study offers evidence of implicit associative stigma in the psychiatric domain. It also points to a variety of interesting avenues for further illumination of this potentially important phenomenon. 相似文献
87.
The effects of children on parents: adoptee genetic dispositions and adoptive parent psychopathology
Although the traditional focus in socialization research has been on the effect of parents on their children (Finley, 1999), recently, researchers have turned their attention to the effects of children on their parents (Ambert, 1992; Demick, Bursik, & Dibiase, 1993). An important confound in the study of the effects of children on parents, however, is shared genetic or biological heritage. One method of avoiding this confound is for researchers to study adoptees and adoptive parents who have no shared genetic heritage. We, therefore, designed the present secondary analysis to examine the effects of adopted children on their adoptive parents without confounding shared biological heritage. 相似文献
88.
人和"人的世界"是系统的存在与演化过程,人和"人的世界"是文化的世界和流变。人,是人和"人的世界"的本体,文化是人和"人的世界"的内核及其展开。医学世界也是系统的存在与演化过程,是医学文化的展开与流变。医学人是医学世界的本体,医学文化内核及其展开形成医学世界,医学世界是医学文化流变的世界。 相似文献
89.
90.
为探讨暴力暴露、大学生网络攻击行为、负性自动思维及自我控制之间的关系,选取黑龙江大学、哈尔滨师范大学两所高校共600名大一至大四的大学生为被试,采用暴力暴露问卷、网络攻击行为量表、自动思维问卷及自我控制问卷进行测试。结果表明:(1)暴力暴露对大学生网络攻击行为有着显著的正向影响,并间接地通过负性自动思维对大学生网络攻击行为产生作用;(2)自我控制在暴力暴露对大学生网络攻击行为的影响中起显著的调节作用,具体而言,在低自我控制水平下,暴力暴露能显著的正向预测大学生网络攻击行为,而在高自我控制水平下,暴力暴露对大学生网络攻击行为的预测作用不显著。 相似文献