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121.
Field T Diego M Hernandez-Reif M Figueiredo B Deeds O Ascencio A Schanberg S Kuhn C 《Infant behavior & development》2008,31(4):590-593
Depressed pregnant women (N=126) were divided into high and low prenatal maternal dopamine (HVA) groups based on a tertile split on their dopamine levels at 20 weeks gestation. The high versus the low dopamine group had lower Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) scores, higher norepinephrine levels at the 20-week gestational age visit and higher dopamine and serotonin levels at both the 20- and the 32-week gestational age visits. The neonates of the mothers with high versus low prenatal dopamine levels also had higher dopamine and serotonin levels as well as lower cortisol levels. Finally, the neonates in the high dopamine group had better autonomic stability and excitability scores on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale. Thus, prenatal maternal dopamine levels appear to be negatively related to prenatal depression scores and positively related to neonatal dopamine and behavioral regulation, although these effects are confounded by elevated serotonin levels. 相似文献
122.
Vagal activity, early growth and emotional development 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A review of the research on infant vagal tone suggests that vagal activity is associated with both infant growth and infant socioemotional development. Vagal activity has been noted to increase following the stimulation of pressure receptors as in massage therapy. Vagal activity, in turn, stimulates gastric motility which mediates weight gain in infants. Vagal activity has also been notably elevated during synchronous mother–infant interactions and positive affect, providing confirmatory data for the Porges “social engagement system” model. In contrast, low vagal activity has been noted in prenatally depressed mothers (and prenatally angry and anxious mothers) and their infants, as well as in children with autism. These studies highlight the relations between vagal activity and the social behaviors of attentiveness, facial expressions and vocalizations. 相似文献
123.
124.
Tiffany Field Miguel Diego Maria Hernandez-Reif Yanexy Vera Karla Gil Saul Schanberg Cynthia Kuhn Adolfo Gonzalez-Garcia 《Infant behavior & development》2004,27(4):135
Ninety-two mothers were recruited at a prenatal ultrasound clinic at which time they were given the CES-D for depression and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and their urines were assayed for cortisol, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. At the neonatal period the mothers and neonates were assessed on frontal EEG asymmetry. Correlation analyses revealed the following: (1) the mothers’ frontal asymmetry was negatively related to prenatal depression (CES-D) symptoms, negatively related to prenatal norepinephrine levels and positively related to prenatal serotonin levels; (2) the frontal asymmetry of the newborn was positively correlated with the mothers’ frontal asymmetry and negatively correlated with the mothers’ prenatal depression (CES-D) symptoms and negatively correlated with the mothers’ prenatal state anxiety scores. The neonates’ EEG frontal asymmetry was also, like the mother's, negatively related to prenatal maternal norepinephrine and positively related to prenatal maternal serotonin. 相似文献
125.
Vicarious fear learning refers to the acquisition of fear via observation of the fearful responses of others. The present study aims to extend current knowledge by exploring whether second-order vicarious fear learning can be demonstrated in children. That is, whether vicariously learnt fear responses for one stimulus can be elicited in a second stimulus associated with that initial stimulus. Results demonstrated that children's (5–11 years) fear responses for marsupials and caterpillars increased when they were seen with fearful faces compared to no faces. Additionally, the results indicated a second-order effect in which fear-related learning occurred for other animals seen together with the fear-paired animal, even though the animals were never observed with fearful faces themselves. Overall, the findings indicate that for children in this age group vicariously learnt fear-related responses for one stimulus can subsequently be observed for a second stimulus without it being experienced in a fear-related vicarious learning event. These findings may help to explain why some individuals do not recall involvement of a traumatic learning episode in the development of their fear of a specific stimulus. 相似文献
126.
127.
Cathy Creswell Sarah Shildrick Andy P. Field 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(2):240-250
Interpretation of ambiguity is consistently associated with anxiety in children, however, the temporal relationship between
interpretation and anxiety remains unclear as do the developmental origins of interpretative biases. This study set out to
test a model of the development of interpretative biases in a prospective study of 110 children aged 5–9 years of age. Children
and their parents were assessed three times, annually, on measures of anxiety and interpretation of ambiguous scenarios (including,
for parents, both their own interpretations and their expectations regarding their child). Three models were constructed to
assess associations between parent and child anxiety and threat and distress cognitions and expectancies. The three models
were all a reasonable fit of the data, and supported conclusions that: (i) children’s threat and distress cognitions were
stable over time and were significantly associated with anxiety, (ii) parents’ threat and distress cognitions and expectancies
significantly predicted child threat cognitions at some time points, and (iii) parental anxiety significantly predicted parents
cognitions, which predicted parental expectancies at some time points. Parental expectancies were also significantly predicted
by child cognitions. The findings varied depending on assessment time point and whether threat or distress cognitions were
being considered. The findings support the notion that child and parent cognitive processes, in particular parental expectations,
may be a useful target in the treatment or prevention of anxiety disorders in children. 相似文献
128.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new form of psychotherapy for post‐traumatic symptoms of relevance to systemic therapists. The literature available on individual EMDR in traumatized children is reviewed in this article. A sample of eight studies was examined, consisting of three controlled trials, two uncontrolled studies and three case reports or series. The controlled trials compared EMDR with waiting list controls or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The study samples were small and their methodological quality variable. In all the studies, the results suggested a positive effect for EMDR but did not appear superior to CBT. It is therefore possible that systemic interventions may be improved by the integration of EMDR and family therapy with children and adolescents. 相似文献
129.
This review of recent research on prenatal depression suggests that it is a strong predictor of postpartum depression and is more common than postpartum depression. Prenatal depression has been associated with excessive activity and growth delays in the fetus as well as prematurity, low birthweight, disorganized sleep and less responsiveness to stimulation in the neonate. Infants of depressed mothers have difficult temperament, and later in development attentional, emotional and behavioral problems have been noted during childhood and adolescence, as well as chronic illnesses in adulthood. Several variables have confounded the effects of prenatal depression including comorbid anxiety and anger as well as stressful life events. Potential mediating variables are low prenatal maternal dopamine and serotonin levels and elevated cortisol and norepinephrine. The associated intrauterine artery resistance may limit blood flow, oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Some studies also suggest the heritability of developmental problems for the children of prenatally depressed mothers, including ADHD and antisocial behavior. Multivariate, longitudinal research is needed to disentangle these confounding and mediating variables. 相似文献
130.
High school seniors (N = 89) from a suburban private high school were administered a comprehensive questionnaire to determine differences between adolescents who rated the quality of their parent and peer relationships as high or low. Adolescents with high parent and high peer relationship scores had more friends, greater family togetherness, lower levels of depression and drug use, and a higher grade point average. 相似文献