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281.
Francisco J. Heredia-López José L. Bata-García José L. Góngora-Alfaro Fernando J. Alvarez-Cervera Joaquín Azpiroz-Leehan 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(2):352-358
This article describes the design and preliminary evaluation of a small-sized and low energy consumption wearable wireless
telemetry system for the recording of extracellular neuronal activity, with the possibility of selecting one of four channels.
The system comprises four radio frequency (RF) transceivers, three microcontrollers, and a digital amplifier and filter. This
constitutes an innovative distributed processing approach. Gain, cutoff frequencies, and channel selection are remotely adjusted.
Digital data transmission is used for both the bioelectrical signals and the control commands. This feature offers superior
immunity to external RF interference. Real-time viewing of the acquired data allows the researcher to select only relevant
data for storage. Simultaneous recordings of neuronal activity from the striatum of a freely moving rat, both with the wireless
device and with a wired data acquisition system, are shown. 相似文献
282.
The problems that arise from the presence of self-attacking arguments and odd-length cycles of attack within argumentation frameworks are widely recognized in the literature on defeasible argumentation. This paper introduces two simple semantics to capture different intuitions about what kinds of arguments should become justified in such scenarios. These semantics are modeled upon two extensions of argumentation frameworks, which we call sustainable and tolerant. Each one is constructed on the common ground of the powerful concept of admissibility introduced by Dung in [P.M. Dung, On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in non-monotonic reasoning, logic programming, and n-person games, Artificial Intelligence 77 (1995) 321–357]. The novelty of this approach consists in viewing the admissibility of a subset of arguments as relative to potentially challenging subsets of arguments. Both sustainable and tolerant semantics are more credulous than preferred semantics (i.e. they justify at least the same arguments, and possibly more). Given certain sufficient conditions they coincide among them as well as with other semantics introduced by Dung. 相似文献
283.
In this paper, we propose a cluster-MDS model for two-way one-mode continuous rating dissimilarity data. The model aims at
partitioning the objects into classes and simultaneously representing the cluster centers in a low-dimensional space. Under
the normal distribution assumption, a latent class model is developed in terms of the set of dissimilarities in a maximum
likelihood framework. In each iteration, the probability that a dissimilarity belongs to each of the blocks conforming to
a partition of the original dissimilarity matrix, and the rest of parameters, are estimated in a simulated annealing based
algorithm. A model selection strategy is used to test the number of latent classes and the dimensionality of the problem.
Both simulated and classical dissimilarity data are analyzed to illustrate the model. 相似文献
284.
Our objective is to establish the prevalence and overlap among different forms of violence and the importance of known correlates of aggression in Bogotá, Colombia. Our method is a cross‐sectional household survey of violence amongst a random sample (n=3007) of the general population between the ages of 15 and 60. In this population the more severe forms of aggression tend to appear concurrently with the less severe forms. Multivariate analyses of the data show that a family history of crime, physical aggression among family members, lack of clarity of parental norms, beliefs justifying the use of violence, and alcohol consumption are the main correlates of verbal and physical aggression independent of age, gender and social class. Although the findings are limited by the cross‐sectional design, exclusion of the institutionalized population, and reliance on retrospective self‐reports, they provide population‐based estimates of different forms of aggression and support for known correlates of aggression in a Latin American context. Aggr. Behav. 29:191–201, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
285.
Fernando Luiz Cardoso 《Sexuality & culture》2002,6(4):45-72
This ethnography research attempts to detect the male perception and behavior on sexual and gender relations in a small and
simple life style fishing village on the south Atlantic Coast of Brazil. The fieldwork lasted six months and consists of personal
participant observation and long personal interviews with 41 men ranging in terms of sexual orientation from 0 to 6 according
to Kinsey’s scale. In summary, perceptions and behaviors in this “simple society” are very atypical in relation to professional
middle class in urban area of southeast of Brazil. In this society even many “straight” men customarily have sex with local
“gay” men. The local “gay” men, called “paneleiros”, present a homosexual behavior typical to other societies. In comparison
to other cross-cultural research the outcome of this case study suggests that it is possible to have at least three different
categories of male sexuality: men who have sex only with other men, men who have sex only with women, and men who have sex
with men and women; In addition it brings more concrete evidence to the current literature that suggests some kind of universal
homosexual identity at least for people who are close to 6 in Kinsey’s scale.
Assistant professor at Santa Catarina State University (Brazil) and scholarship and grant recipient from CAPES (Brazil). 相似文献
286.
Previous studies on tool using have shown that presenting subjects with certain modifications in the experimental setup can substantially improve their performance. However, procedural modifications (e.g. trap table task) may not only remove task constraints but also simplify the problem conceptually. The goal of this study was to design a variation of the trap-table that was functionally equivalent to the trap-tube task. In this new task, the subjects had to decide where to insert the tool and in which direction the reward should be pushed. We also administered a trap-tube task that allowed animals to push or rake the reward with the tool to compare the subjects' performance on both tasks. We used a larger sample of subjects than in previous studies and from all the four species of great apes (Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, and Pongo pygmaeus). The results showed that apes performed better in the trap-platform task than in the trap-tube task. Subjects solved the tube task faster than in previous studies and they also preferred to rake in rather than to push the reward out. There was no correlation in the level of performance between both tasks, and no indication of interspecies differences. These data are consistent with the idea that apes may possess some specific causal knowledge of traps but may lack the ability to establish analogical relations between functional equivalent tasks. 相似文献
287.
The social perception of risk is considered a multidimensional task, yet little attention has been paid to the cognitive components that organize sources of risk, despite their having been discovered in various research studies. This study attempts to concretely analyze the cultural dimension involved in those processes. In the first phase, we tried to discover to what extent sources of risk are organized into the same categories by people from different countries. In order to do so, two groups of participants were formed: 60 Spanish psychology students and 60 Chilean psychology students classified 43 sources of risk into different groups according to the criteria they found appropriate. The two samples classified risk into identical groups: acts of violence, drugs, electricity and home appliances, household chemicals, chemicals in the environment, public construction projects, transportation, sports, and natural disasters. In a second study, 100 Spanish and 84 Chilean students were asked to evaluate the magnitude of the damage incurred by 17 sources of risk. In both groups, it was observed that the evaluation of damage resulting from each source of risk was affected by its category. 相似文献
288.
OBJECTIVE: To experimentally test the hypothesis that people who repeatedly participate in forms of non-violent crime exhibit an executive deficit detected in tests of high ecological validity, having changes in prefrontal functioning as neurophysiologic basis. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A batteiy to assess executive dysfunction was administered--the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS)--to an experimental group of 30 inmates convicted of crimes against property (mean age = 39.3, SD = 9.98), and a control group of 30 (mean age = 32.7, SD = 11.8), all male. RESULTS: The group of recurrent inmates performed significantly worse than the control group in their global scores on the battery, as well as in the majority of subscales. CONCLUSION: Without removing from consideration the fact that sample size was not very large and, primarily, alerting ourselves to the dangerous hypothesis of a "frontal criminogenesis," the authors interpret criminal recurrence and resistance to penal measures in terms of the scarcity of control that individuals from the experimental group have over their behavior and its respective consequences. 相似文献
289.
Fernando A. Ortiz A. Timothy Church José de Jesús Vargas-Flores Joselina Ibáñez-Reyes Mirta Flores-Galaz Jorge Isaías Iuit-Briceño Jose Miguel Escamilla 《Journal of research in personality》2007
The universality versus cultural specificity of Mexican personality dimensions was investigated by examining: (a) the replicability of Mexican personality dimensions assessed by indigenous inventories; and (b) the extent to which Mexican dimensions are encompassed by the Five-Factor Model (FFM), one hypothesized universal model of personality structure. Mexican university students (N = 794) completed nine indigenous inventories and the Spanish version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. The FFM replicated well, although reliability was poor for a few facet scales. Reliability was acceptable for the indigenous Mexican scales. However, for most indigenous instruments, a cross-sample replication criterion suggested alternative structures of fewer, more replicable dimensions. Multiple regression and joint factor analyses revealed that most of the Mexican dimensions were well subsumed by the FFM. Thus, cultural differences did not involve clearly culture-specific dimensions, but more subtle differences in the salience or cultural flavor of particular traits. 相似文献
290.
Alicia M. del Prado A. Timothy Church Marcia S. Katigbak Lilia G. Miramontes Monica T. Whitty Guy J. Curtis José de Jesús Vargas-Flores Joselina Ibáñez-Reyes Fernando A. Ortiz Jose Alberto S. Reyes 《Journal of research in personality》2007
Three theoretical perspectives on cultural universals and differences in the content of self-concepts were tested in individualistic (United States, n = 178; Australia, n = 112) and collectivistic (Mexico, n = 157; Philippines, n = 138) cultures, using three methods of self-concept assessment. Support was found for both trait perspectives and the individual–self-primacy hypothesis. In contrast, support for cultural psychology hypotheses was limited because traits and other personal attributes were not more salient, or social attributes less salient, in individualistic cultures than collectivistic cultures. The salience of some aspects of self-concept depended on the method of assessment, calling into question conclusions based on monomethod studies. 相似文献