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Sanz J García-Vera MP Espinosa R Fortún M Magán I Segura J 《Psychological reports》2010,107(3):923-938
Only one-third of patients with hypertension under pharmacological treatment achieve the recommended blood pressure goals. Psychological factors could partially account for poor hypertension control through the existence of personality traits related to treatment compliance (e.g., self-discipline, deliberation, impulsiveness), and the fact that stress and some personality traits (e.g., anxiety, depression, anger expression, Type A) are involved in the etiology of some hypertension cases. This study was aimed at examining the differences in personality and stress between patients taking antihypertensive medications with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension. Results revealed that after controlling sex, age, and traditional variables associated with poor hypertension control, the uncontrolled hypertension group showed higher scores on impulsiveness, depression, anger expression-out, and stress, with differences ranging between medium and large (Hedges' g effect size = 0.77 to 1.08). These results support the hypothesized relationship between psychological factors and poor hypertension control. 相似文献
634.
This ex post factor study is within the framework of studies dealing with the psychological aspects involved in the rehabilitation of people with physical handicaps from the perspective of gender. From this perspective, the study focuses on comparing and studying the differences between men and women using the EMELM Scale (Multidimensional Evaluative Scale for People with Spinal Cord Injury). Participants were 143 people -99 men and 44 women- with spinal cord injuries. The results showed no differences as a result of gender in any of the following psychological variables related to the spinal cord injury adjustment process: extraversion-neuroticism, motivation and anxiety, locus of control, current coping strategies, remembrance of coping strategies and depression. The implications of these results for future research are discussed. 相似文献
635.
It is generally assumed that the function of contingency learning is to predict the occurrence of important events in order
to prepare for them. This assumption, however, has scarcely been tested. Moreover, the little evidence that is available suggests
just the opposite result. People do not use contingency to prepare for outcomes, nor to predict their occurrence, although
they do use it to infer the causal and predictive value of cues. By using both judgmental and behavioral data, we designed
the present experiments as a further test for this assumption. The results show that—at least under certain conditions—people
do use contingency to prepare for outcomes, even though they would still not use it to predict their occurrence. The functional
and adaptive aspects of these results are discussed in the present article. 相似文献
636.
Alberto Maydeu-Olivares Donna L. Coffman Carlos García-Forero David Gallardo-Pujol 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(2):618-625
We show how to test hypotheses for coefficient alpha in three different situations: (1) hypothesis tests of whether coefficient
alpha equals a prespecified value, (2) hypothesis tests involving two statistically independent sample alphas as may arise
when testing the equality of coefficient alpha across groups, and (3) hypothesis tests involving two statistically dependent
sample alphas as may arise when testing the equality of alpha across time or when testing the equality of alpha for two test
scores within the same sample. We illustrate how these hypotheses may be tested in a structural equation-modeling framework
under the assumption of normally distributed responses and also under asymptotically distribution free assumptions. The formulas
for the hypothesis tests and computer code are given for four different applied examples. Supplemental materials for this
article may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
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Philosophia - This paper defends a Wittgenstein-inspired conception of the nature of mind and self-knowledge. Thus, it is claimed that the mind is to be conceived as expressive behaviour; and that... 相似文献
639.
Enrique Gracia Fernando García Gonzalo Musitu 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》1995,5(2):105-119
Theory and research on social support have paid little attention to the existence of important macrosocial variables determining level and content of social relationships. This study examines variations in social integration as a function of social class and residential area characteristics. Results for 234 subjects living in high and low risk neighbourhoods indicated that differences between higher and lower social class groups follow different patterns in different residential areas. Also, same social class position appeared to have different significance as a function of residential area characteristics. The levels of three social integration measures—community integration and satisfaction, community association and participation, and contribution in community organizations—were significantly higher for lower class in low risk neighbourhoods than in high risk ones. However, significant differences were found in only one measure for higher social class groups, with higher levels of community association and participation in high risk neighbourhoods than in low risk ones. The discussion examines a ‘social impoverishment’ hypothesis for high risk environments, and proposes possible protective factors for higher status residents. Relations between formal and informal sources of support, and implications for social intervention strategies are also considered. 相似文献
640.
Fernando Silva Rosario Martínez-Arias Ety Rapaport Andrea Ertle Generós Ortet 《Personality and individual differences》1997,23(6):973-985
The DOI Kit is a four-version instrument (Junior Self and Other-Report, and Adult Self-and Other-Report) developed in Spain to measure ‘Dimensions of Interpersonal Orientation’ (Spanish: ‘Dimensiones de Orientación Interpersonal’ or DOI), which are defined as prevalent postures in interpersonal behaviour. The DOI Kit has six first-level scales that collapse into two broad oblique dimensions: Prosocial versus Antisocial Behaviour, and Sociability versus Unsociability.The aim of this article is to find out whether the first- and second-level structure of the Spanish DOI Kit can also be applied to data gathered in Chile and in Germany. A total of eight groups of data were studied. In order to find the best common structure for Spanish, Chilean, and German samples, Simultaneous Component Analysis (SCA) was applied. SCA shows an excellent replication of the original DOI Kit structure. This is also found when separate factor analyses (varimax and oblimin rotations) are performed. 相似文献