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911.
The purpose of the present study is to analyse the relationship between sleep, burnout, and job strain in a sample of 316 healthy workers from various professional sectors. Multiple significant correlations between the principal sleep parameters, the dimensions of burnout, and job strain were found. The regression analyses show that sleep quality and various dimensions of job strain are significant predictors of several aspects of burnout. Sleep quality explains an even higher percentage of the variance in emotional exhaustion than the variance explained by more well-known variables such as job demands. Moreover, sleep quality interacts with aspects of job strain in its influence on the dimensions of burnout, although the exact relationship between these variables needs to be investigated in future longitudinal studies. Our results suggest that interventions to optimise sleep habits could prevent or alleviate burnout and could be a part of organisational work. 相似文献
912.
Testing model fit for latent structure models (latent trait models and latent class models) is difficult because of the lack of goodness-of-fit statistics with a known distribution. This paper describes the application of the pi* goodness-of-fit statistic to latent structure models. The statistic pi* is based on the concept of latent classes and has a natural interpretation when applied to these models. This statistic assumes that the population is made up of several classes that follow a parametric model, and a residual class outside the model. The value of pi* is the population proportion in the residual class. This paper describes the estimation algorithms of pi* for latent trait and latent class models and an empirical example with a scale of study habits. There are two latent classes in these data: bad and regular students, which are related to the student s responsibility. 相似文献
913.
The aim of the study was to explore the effect of visualizing food images under different mood states and food restriction conditions on the emotional modulation of two defense reflexes (startle reflex and cardiac defense). 72 women at risk of suffering from bulimia nervosa were assigned to two groups: 1) a group under induced positive, neutral, or negative mood state and, 2) a 6-hour-food-deprived group or a non-deprived group. Second-by-second heart rate and electromyogram activity from the orbiculari oculi region were recorded after the auditory stimulus. The results showed that, while viewing food images, non-deprived women under negative mood state potentiated the cardiac defense response and the startle motor reflex. Results are discussed in the context of emotional eating theories and Peter Lang's motivational priming model. 相似文献
914.
There is a consensus that Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs semantic information, with one of the first markers being anomia i.e. an impaired ability to name items. Doubts remain, however, about whether this naming impairment differentially affects items from the living and nonliving knowledge domains. Most studies have reported an impairment for naming living things (e.g. animals or plants), a minority have found an impairment for nonliving things (e.g. tools or vehicles), and some have found no category-specific effect. A survey of the literature reveals that this lack of agreement may reflect a failure to control for intrinsic variables (such as familiarity) and the problems associated with ceiling effects in the control data. Investigating picture naming in 32 AD patients and 34 elderly controls, we used bootstrap techniques to deal with the abnormal distributions in both groups. Our analyses revealed the previously reported impairment for naming living things in AD patients and that this persisted even when intrinsic variables were covaried; however, covarying control performance eliminated the significant category effect. Indeed, the within-group comparison of living and nonliving naming revealed a larger effect size for controls than patients. We conclude that the category effect in Alzheimer's disease is no larger than is expected in the healthy brain and may even represent a small diminution of the normal profile. 相似文献
915.
The present study aimed to explore sexist attitudes in young people and to investigate the role of these ideologies in the
contribution of boys and girls to housework. For this purpose, 139 Spanish high school students (67 females and 72 males)
responded to the ASI and AMI scales (Glick and Fiske in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70:491–512, 1996, Psychology
of Women Quarterly 23:519–536, 1999) and assessed their contribution to housework in tasks considered traditionally done by
women (highly gender-typed) or more neutral tasks (sex-neutral). Results showed that girls contributed significantly more
to housework than boys. In addition, correlation analyses showed that benevolent sexism toward women, men and hostility toward
men were significant related to highly gender typed tasks only in the female sample. This result shows the relevance of sexist
ideologies in maintaining established differences between genders. 相似文献
916.
An understanding of the differences in the ways in which self-efficacy and interest influence boys’ and girls’ intentions
to continue enrollment in mathematics courses may provide insight into how to encourage continued mathematics enrollment for
all students. Two competing theoretical models of mathematics self-efficacy and interest in predicting students’ enrollment
intentions and achievement were evaluated separately across samples of middle level boys and girls. One model was empirically
supported for both groups and indicated the independent influence of self-efficacy and interest in predicting enrollment intentions.
Multi-group analyses revealed that self-efficacy’s influence in enrollment intentions and achievement was significantly stronger
for boys than for girls, and interest was significantly more important in the prediction of enrollment intentions for girls
than for boys. 相似文献
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Ma. Luisa Marván Rocío Vázquez‐Toboada Joan C. Chrisler 《International journal of psychology》2014,49(4):280-287
The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between ambivalent sexism and beliefs and attitudes towards menstruation, and, in turn, to study the influence of these variables on menstrual cycle‐related symptoms. One hundred and six Mexican women completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, the Beliefs about and Attitudes toward Menstruation Questionnaire and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. The higher scores on benevolent sexism were associated with the most positive attitudes towards menstruation and also with the belief that a menstruating woman should or should not do some activities and that menstruation keeps women from their daily activities. The higher scores on hostile sexism were associated with rejection of menstruation as well as with feelings of embarrassment about it. Beliefs about and attitudes towards menstruation predicted menstrual cycle‐related symptoms related to negative affect, impaired concentration and behavioural changes, but did not predict somatic symptoms. These results will be useful to health professionals and advocates who want to change the negative expectations and stereotypes of premenstrual and menstrual women and reduce the sexism and negative attitudes towards women that are evident in Mexican culture. 相似文献