Data-driven and conceptually driven processes in partial-word identification and recognition

Three experiments examined priming in partial-word identification (Warrington & Weiskrantz, 1968) and its relation to recognition memory. The results showed that changes in modality of presentation between study and test reduced performance on both identification and recognition. In contrast, changes in elaborative processing enhanced recognition but had no effect on identification. Furthermore, when explicit memory instructions were given, identification was changed to a cued recall test and was consequently affected by elaborative processing. We also found that the time course of forgetting in priming was different from that in recognition; priming in identification did not change over a 24-hr interval, whereas recognition declined rapidly during this interval. Overall, these results suggest that identification relies primarily on data-driven processing, whereas recognition can rely on both data-driven and conceptually driven processing.     

能海塔苑的朝圣

能海塔苑在五台山黛螺顶右侧华严谷金界寺旁，此塔坐西朝东，两侧青山环护，塔后一峰耸峙，塔左一溪流布。其四周树木苍翠，满目葱茏。终年不断的朝圣者，走上这条神密的圣道，一直至能海上师的舍利宝塔。     

Why Buy Local?

This article critically assesses the moral arguments that speak in favour of three consumer options: buying local food, buying global (non‐local) food, and buying global food while also purchasing carbon offsets to mitigate the environmental impact of food transportation. We argue that because the offsetting option allows one to provide economic benefits to the poorest food workers while also mitigating the environmental impact of food transportation it is morally superior to the alternatives.