Object representation and predictive action in infancy

Previous research has shown that 6‐month‐old infants extrapolate object motion on linear paths when they act predictively on fully visible moving objects but not when they observe partly occluded moving objects. The present research probed whether differences in the tasks presented to infants or in the visibility of the objects account for these findings, by investigating infants’ predictive head tracking of a visible object that moves behind a small occluder. Six‐month‐old infants were presented with an object that moved repeatedly on linear or nonlinear paths, with an occluder covering the place where all the paths intersected. The first time infants viewed an object’s motion, their head movements did not anticipate either linear or nonlinear motion, but they quickly learned to anticipate linear motion on successive trials. Infants also learned to anticipate nonlinear motion, but this learning was slower and less consistent. Learning in all cases concerned the trajectory of the object, not the specific locations at which the object appeared. These findings suggest that infants form object representations that are weakly biased toward inertial motion and that are influenced by learning. The findings accord with the thesis that a single system of representation underlies both predictive action and perception of object motion, and that occlusion reduces the precision of object representations.     

电击信号应激对大鼠体液免疫及内分泌功能的影响

研究了足电击及以电击装置为信号刺激所诱发的情绪应激对大鼠原发性体液免疫反应及内分泌的影响。 结果表明每天１０分钟,共６天的足电击对大鼠抗特异性抗原ＯＶＡ的原发性体液免疫反应无明显作用,而此电击作 用结合每天１０分钟,共８天的情绪应激则可显著降低大鼠体液免疫反应及脾脏指数。同时该应激可显著提高大鼠 血儿茶酚胶和皮质酮水平。该研究证明了情绪应激对大鼠体液免疫功能的调节作用,并对交感神经系统和下丘脑－ 垂体－肾上腺（ＨＰＡ）轴在其中所起的作用进行了初步探讨。     

一张壁虎皮

我工作的地方在太行山东麓浊漳河的北岸,村庄建在山崖之上,背靠鹰嘴岩,脚临漳河水。村前一条笔直的马路,是河南、河北、山西三省交汇地界。马路的外边,有一株千年古柏,枝繁叶茂,翠绿幽深,亭亭如盖。临河仰视,石岩古柏,云雾蒸腾,半天之上,村庄隐隐,车水马龙;倚树俯瞰,绿草如茵,漳河如黛,磐石如林,峰回路转,流水涓涓。村庄原是普通山庄,古柏给村庄带来了文化的意韵,这村庄便有了历史和来头,引来不少无病呻吟的文人墨客。2002年,上海一家采风杂志社刊登出千年古柏摇曳风姿,又配了一篇典故介绍,说古柏如何效法槐荫树,为村庄里的董永们牵线作媒;…     

《国语》名称演变探源

《国语》本为先秦时期“事语”类文献的汇编,自西汉末刘歆始视其为《春秋》之“外传”,后人又多因之,称其为《春秋外传国语》、《春秋外传》、《春秋国语》,亦有简称《外传》,或直呼为《春秋》者。目录分类上《国语》亦多入经部“春秋类”当中,直至《四库全书》方黜《国语》出经部,而入于史部“杂史类”。本文搜集诸史材料,引述前贤之论,对《国语》名称之来源、演变及其缘由略作浅析。     

道德之一元论与多元论：缘起、内涵与论争

一元论与多元论之争是道德心理学领域近些年最为活跃的理论交锋之一。道德一元论认为所有外在的道德现象与内在的道德结构都可以用一种因素来解释。道德多元论则认为道德不能只用单一因素来解释,而是存在多个不同质的道德维度,且具有文化敏感性。对应道德理论和道德基础理论是这场争议的典型代表。双方就伤害的解释力、道德失声现象、模块化道德与洁净维度独立性等方面展开论争。未来研究应从三个具体方面进一步探索道德之一元论与多元论难题,进而保持道德心理学领域的理论活力。     

A Sparse Latent Class Model for Cognitive Diagnosis

Psychometrika - Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) are latent variable models developed to infer latent skills, knowledge, or personalities that underlie responses to educational, psychological,...     

儒学传统:在理性与信仰之间的平衡与开展——略述孔孟荀思想脉络

孔子从世间日常情感出发建构的儒家思想体系与价值意识,体现有“在理性与信仰之间保持平衡与张力”的一种运思方式与精神特质。由孔子到孟子再到荀子,其开展的思想脉络是:孟子把孔子信仰的一面强化了,荀子则把孔子理性的一面张扬了,他们各自从不同面向丰富了孔子原创儒学的体系,无需贬彼褒此。     

祖辈共同养育模式下幼儿母子依恋对问题行为的影响：祖孙依恋的中介作用

采用幼儿依恋量表和儿童行为量表（Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL）测量265名祖辈共同养育幼儿的母子依恋、祖孙依恋和问题行为的情况,考察祖辈共同养育幼儿的祖孙依恋在母子依恋与问题行为的中介作用。结果发现：（1）祖辈共同养育幼儿的母子依恋与祖孙依恋呈显著正相关,幼儿的母子依恋与内化问题行为、外化问题行为呈显著负相关,幼儿的祖孙依恋与内化问题行为、外化问题行为呈显著负相关;（2）祖辈共同养育幼儿的祖孙依恋完全中介母子依恋对内化问题行为、外化问题行为的影响。     

Playing an action video game reduces gender differences in spatial cognition

We demonstrate a previously unknown gender difference in the distribution of spatial attention, a basic capacity that supports higher-level spatial cognition. More remarkably, we found that playing an action video game can virtually eliminate this gender difference in spatial attention and simultaneously decrease the gender disparity in mental rotation ability, a higher-level process in spatial cognition. After only 10 hr of training with an action video game, subjects realized substantial gains in both spatial attention and mental rotation, with women benefiting more than men. Control subjects who played a non-action game showed no improvement. Given that superior spatial skills are important in the mathematical and engineering sciences, these findings have practical implications for attracting men and women to these fields.     

近世思想传统中的政治正当性理论及其启示:以儒学"洪范模式"为视角

本文以儒学"洪范模式"为视角,考察了近世思想传统中的政治正当性理论.这个思想范型以大法意识为根本基础,其内转趋向使道德精神成为政治秩序的正当性前提.其中包含的两个基本动向--人极意识中的理想人格与守制性则为政治权威提供了直接的正当性理据.这些观念层层转化,互相支持而又存在张力,构成了正当性论述的意义网络.上述模式代表的正当性观念在现代思想演变中仍然有其广泛影响力,特别是道德精神与人极意识的理据,为了解正当性论述的范式转化提供了重要的线索与启示.