老年急性髓系白血病的治疗

老年急性髓性白血病具有独特的生理及生物学特性。目前尽管治疗手段多样 ,但治疗效果不佳。从哲学的角度观察和分析老年急性髓性白血病的治疗特点 ,根据不同的预后因素选择不同的治疗方法 ,以期实现治疗的个体化和最优化     

青少年风险决策的时程加工机制：来自ERP的证据

采用事件相关电位（ERP）研究技术,运用剑桥风险任务的实验范式,考察了青少年风险决策的时程加工机制。行为结果表明,在高、中、低三种不确定性条件下,相对于效价,被试的决策更多的关注概率。脑电结果显示：1）不确定性的主效应在N400上表现显著,高不确定条件和中不确定条件的波幅要明显大于低不确定性条件的波幅,而高不确定条件和中不确定条件的波幅无显著差异;2）与中不确定条件相比,高不确定条件和低不确定条件诱发了一个新异正成分（LPC）,高不确定条件和低不确定条件的波幅要明显大于中不确定性条件的波幅,而高不确定条件和低不确定条件的波幅无显著差异。青少年在风险任务中的决策较多的是选择安全选项,表现出较为明显的风险规避倾向。N400的波幅可能反映了不确定性程度,而LPC的波幅大小可能反映了结果评价准确性程度的高低。     

青少年心理应激模型的初步研究

为考察生活事件、社会支持、应对方式、自我评价、人格等影响青少年心理健康的诸因素之间及其与心理健康的关系,初步建构青少年心理应激的结构方程模型,采用ASLEC、CSQ、EPQ、PEI、SSRS、SCL-90对湖南省470名青少年进行问卷调查。结果表明：1）社会支持对自我评价、应对方式有显著的预测作用,并通过人格、自我评价与应对方式间接影响心理健康。2）人格对心理健康有显著的直接效应,并通过应对方式间接影响心理健康。3）自我评价和应对方式是生活事件—心理健康的内部中介过程。     

免费教育师范生学习适应状况及与报考动机的关系

该研究采用《大学生学习适应量表》考察了679名免费教育师范生的学习适应状况与特点,并探讨了报考动机与学习适应之间的关系。结果表明：1）免费教育师范生学习适应处于中等偏上水平,随着入学时间的增加逐步提高,且略优于普通大学生;2）免费教育师范生在学习适应的不同适应维度上存在性别差异;3）免费师范生报考动机有两大类：自愿报考和非自愿报考,报考动机对免费教育师范生学习适应水平具有显著的预测作用。免费教育师范生的学习适应总体上表现良好,报考动机直接影响入学后的学习适应水平。     

Specific and nonspecific thalamocortical functional connectivity in normal and vegetative states

Recent theoretical advances describing consciousness from information and integration have highlighted the unique role of the thalamocortical system in leading to integrated information and thus, consciousness. Here, we examined the differential distributions of specific and nonspecific thalamocortical functional connections using resting-state fMRI in a group of healthy subjects and vegetative-state patients. We found that both thalamic systems were widely distributed, but they exhibited different patterns. Nonspecific connections were preferentially associated with brain regions involved in higher-order cognitive processing, self-awareness and introspective mentalizing (e.g., the dorsal prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices). In contrast, specific connections were prevalent in the ventral and posterior part of the prefrontal and precuneus, known involved in representing externally-directed attentions. Significant reductions of functional connectivity in both systems, especially the nonspecific system, were observed in VS. These data suggest that brain networks sustaining information and integration may be differentiated by the nature of their thalamic functional connectivity.     

注意缺陷多动障碍的神经机制及干预

注意缺陷多动障碍是一种常见的神经性、发展性障碍。大脑异常被认为是注意缺陷多动障碍的病因之一。随着脑成像技术的发展,当前对该障碍的脑解剖结构病变、脑神经发育迟缓和脑网络连接异常等方面都展开了深入研究。文章从以上三个方面介绍最新研究成果,并指出目前的不足和未来研究方向,在此基础上为提高诊断精确性和发展新型有效的治疗干预方法提供建议。     

Out of control: attentional selection for orientation is thwarted by properties of the underlying neural mechanisms

To avoid sensory overload, people are able to selectively attend to a particular color or direction of motion while ignoring irrelevant stimuli that differ from the desired one. We show here for the first time that it is also possible to selectively attend to a specific line orientation-but with an important caveat: orientations that are perpendicular to the target orientation cannot be suppressed. This effect reflects properties of the neural mechanisms selective for orientation and reveals the extent to which contingent capture is constrained not only by one's top-down goals but also by feature preferences of visual neurons.     

Trait emotional intelligence and mental distress: The mediating role of positive and negative affect

Over the past decade, emotional intelligence (EI) has received much attention in the literature. Previous studies indicated that higher trait or ability EI was associated with greater mental distress. The present study focused on mediating effects of positive and negative affect on the association between trait EI and mental distress in a sample of Chinese adults. The participants were 726 Chinese adults (384 females) with an age range of 18–60 years. Data were collected by using the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that EI was a significant predictor of positive affect, negative affect and mental distress. Further mediation analysis showed that positive and negative affect acted as partial mediators of the relationship between EI and mental distress. Furthermore, effect contrasts showed that there was no significant difference between the specific indirect effects through positive affect and through negative affect. This result indicated that positive affect and negative affect played an equally important function in the association between EI and distress. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed.     

证与病、体质关系的探讨

中医学中的“证”包含着对疾病、药物及体质等多方面相互作用的认识,关于病及体质失衡的知识是构成证的两大基本内容;现代医学是一种暗含所有人体质都相同的简化理论,在现代对疾病认识的基础上,从疾病与体质相互作用角度来研究人体与疾病,可以获得更全面的认识,从而弥补现代疾病理论的不足,是现代疾病理论的发展方向.     

公立医院补偿机制改革之政府补偿方式探讨

从公立医疗服务准公共产品特性和医疗服务的性质两个方面,强调了政府对公立医院补偿的必要性和合理性,并指出了政府补偿中存在财政补偿不足、缺乏补偿标准、监管不力等问题.同时,针对政府补偿现状提出了加大政府对公立医院的投入;设计科学合理的公立医院财政补偿制度;加强对公立医院财政投入资金的监管等政策建议.