网络医疗的发展和思考

随着科学技术、网络技术迅猛的发展,许多互联网业务如网上求医、网上购药、网上保健也日渐火热,成为人们防治疾病的又一手段。网络医疗是网络科技与医疗技术结合的产物,在信息高速发展的今天,它已成为医学交流中一道亮丽的风景线,各国都在不遗余力发展自己的远程医疗系统,这无疑将推动医学模式的进步。然而作为一种新的医疗手段,网络医疗目前仍存在着诸多的弊端和问题,这些问题反过来又可制约网络医疗的发展,因此必须在技术、政策、法律各方面予以完善,使之更好地服务于人类。     

第六讲：肿瘤学研究中循证医学的应用

病人的治疗结果取决于医生治疗方案选择的好坏,然而,为获得最佳的治疗方案,医务工作者需要有可靠的研究证据支持。循证医学以及Cochrane协作网和其它多种循证资源,作为一种新的获得高质量医学证据的方法和途径,在肿瘤学研究中起到了重要作用。在循证肿瘤学领域有很多组织提供高质量的指南,然而,循证肿瘤学以及基于循证证据的指南仍可能是有暇疵的。     

试谈王弼易学的特点及其对朱熹的影响

王弼易学有三个特点,即条例义理化、形上本体化、具有内在性。朱熹在少年时用数年时间研习立于官学的王弼易学,从而受到了王弼易学思想的深刻影响。王弼的太极学说是朱熹太极本体论的思想渊源。     

从生育态度看思维方式对个体传统性与现代性的影响

本研究旨在从人们的生育态度中探讨中国人思维方式对传统性与现代性有何影响。研究分两部分:第一部分用相关研究的方法探讨思维方式与中国人的传统性与现代性的关系;第二部分设计了一个能够反映中国人传统性和现代性的情境问卷,通过测量人们的生育态度,来进一步证实思维方式对传统性和现代性的影响。通过对257名被试问卷调查结果的分析发现:思维方式和中国人的传统性与现代性之间有着密切的关系,对情境问卷的进一步分析发现思维方式和情境因素一起影响人们的生育态度。研究结果对我们理解中国人思维方式的影响有着重要的理论和实际价值。     

双相障碍及其社会-心理治疗的研究现状

双相障碍是以起伏性躁狂或抑郁为特征的慢性周期性精神疾病。近年来,社会-心理疗法作为药物治疗的辅助手段被引入到该类疾病的治疗过程中。本文基于近期关于双相障碍的病因学的研究,评述了各种不同形式的社会-心理疗法在双相障碍治疗中的应用及其疗效,指出今后的研究需要进行严格的临床设计,以保证不同研究间的可比性和可重复性;应尽可能延长追踪观察的时间,并进行大样本多变量研究,以保证研究结果的普遍性。     

Pilot study for assessing the behaviors of patients with schizophrenia towards a virtual avatar.

This study examined whether a virtual avatar could be perceived as a real human by patients with mental disease, especially schizophrenia, as well as whether a virtual avatar could be applied to acquiring patients' behavior characteristics in a short conversation situation. The virtual avatar has been used for various applications which need to communicate with other person or to train or educate by showing humanlike behavior. Recently, many researches have shown that the virtual avatar technology has been enhanced and the avatar could be perceived like real human. A virtual avatar, standing in a virtual room, was designed for this study. Tasks to approach, initiate a talk, and answer to avatar's questions was assigned to the 11 patients with schizophrenia. As behavioral parameters in the virtual environment, the interpersonal distance and the verbal response time were acquired. In addition, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for patients was administered in order to investigate the relationship between patients' symptomatic characteristics and behavior parameters. The interpersonal distance was negatively correlated with the negative syndrome scale, a subscale of PANSS, which is consistent with previous research reporting the relationship between interpersonal distance and a real person's image. The verbal response time, however, was not correlated with any other subscale of PANSS. After analyzing subitems of the negative syndrome of PANSS, two positive correlations were found: one was with blunted affect and the other was with poor rapport. We concluded that the virtual avatar could be perceived as a real human by schizophrenic patients and the avatar could draw the schizophrenic patients' behavior characteristics.     

从儿童道德发展初探人性本源的论题

关于人性善恶的问题一直有争议,本文从行为实验的角度对这一问题进行探讨。结果发现:3岁以前的儿童表现出人之初性本善的特征,对他人比较宽厚;3岁到4岁之间随着心理理论的增长,表现出道德水平下降,心理理论和道德水平两者之间出现交互作用。5岁以后的儿童由于心理理论的逐步完善,显现出越来越明确的“镜子行为”,即:谁对我好,我就对谁好;谁对我不好,我就对谁不好;原有的善性被外界恶性刺激掩蔽。     

The Career Adapt-Abilities Scale in Macau: Psychometric characteristics and construct validity

The purpose of the study was to determine if the CAAS could be used with middle school students. Currently no study has been done for the application of CAAS on middle school students. We examined the reliability and validity of the Career Adapt-Ability Scale (CAAS) in Macau for middle school and high school students. The CAAS consists of four scales, each with six items, which measure concern, control, curiosity, and confidence. We tested the internal consistency and factor structure with 270 middle school students and 188 high school students. We also compared students' performance on CAAS in terms of gender and age. The results indicated that internal consistency estimates for the subscale and total scores were good for both high school and middle school students. The factor structure was quite similar to the one computed for combined data from 13 countries (Savickas & Porfeli, 2012). In addition, we found that high school students scored significantly higher than middle school students on the CAAS scales. Based on the results, the CAAS-Macau Form appears ready for use by researchers and practitioners who wish to measure adaptability resources among middle school and high school students in Macau.     

不同时程应激对大鼠行为、免疫和交感神经系统反应的影响

研究旨在研究不同时程情绪应激诱导的大鼠行为、免疫和神经内分泌反应的动态变化及其相互关系。实验采用一种在程序性饮水的固定时间点不确定性给予大鼠空瓶刺激诱发其情绪反应的应激模式,测定不同时程（14,21和28天）应激对大鼠行为、交感神经系统反应、体液免疫功能及体重增长的影响。结果表明,情绪应激导致大鼠攻击行为显著增加,且在整个应激过程中情绪应激组大鼠的攻击行为都被稳定地诱导;不同时程的情绪应激均导致大鼠特异性抗OVA抗体水平明显降低,且降低的程度类似;在情绪应激的第14天和28天应激组大鼠血中去甲肾上腺素水平明显高于对照组,但后者升高的水平明显低于前者。此外,14天应激明显抑制大鼠的体重增长,但随着应激时程的延长,体重增长逐渐恢复。这些结果表明,随着应激时程的延长,大鼠行为、免疫和神经内分泌反应的适应性改变存在时程差异,有助于进一步了解应激诱发的各种反应间的复杂关系     

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for PTSD symptoms after a road accident: an uncontrolled case series

This report examined whether Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) could be used in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in the aftermath of a serious motor vehicle accident. Six individuals reporting either full or severe subsyndromal PTSD completed 10 sessions of VRET, which was conducted using software designed to create real-time driving scenarios. Results indicated significant reductions in posttrauma symptoms involving reexperiencing, avoidance, and emotional numbing, with effect sizes ranging from d=.79 to d=1.49. Indices of clinically significant and reliable change suggested that the magnitude of these changes was meaningful. Additionally, high levels of perceived reality ("presence") within the virtual driving situation were reported, and patients reported satisfaction with treatment. Results are discussed in light of the possibility for VRET to be useful in guiding exposure in the treatment of PTSD following road accidents.