Children dating childhood memories

How accurate are children when dating very long-term memories? Chinese and European Canadian 8-, 11-, and 14-year-olds (N=344) recalled and dated memories from before they went to school in a memory fluency task. Parents provided verification of children's memories and age estimates. Across all age and culture groups, a telescoping effect (i.e., events were dated as taking place more recently than they actually did) was found for earlier memories (before 48 months) and a reverse telescoping effect for later memories (after 48 months). Older children showed a greater tendency to telescope earlier memories and a weaker tendency to reverse telescope later memories than did younger children. Euro-Canadian children showed larger reverse telescoping than Chinese children. These are the first systematic findings concerning the accuracy of children's dating of very long-term memories. They shed new light on the phenomenon of telescoping and have implications for research on childhood amnesia.     

亲子鉴定中婚生未成年子女权益保障探讨

以女性主义为视角,从亲子鉴定中婚生未成年子女权益被忽视的现象入手,解读亲子争执涉及的多元冲突.在分析亲子鉴定法制现状的基础上,借鉴先进国家和地区的立法,建构我国的亲子鉴定法律制度:细化未成年人特殊保护原则、完善婚生推定与否认制度、限定DNA亲子鉴定的启动和实施、配套相关制度.     

Dialectical thinking and health behaviors: The effects of theory of planned behavior

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether the theory of planned behavior (TPB) mediated the relationship between dialectical thinking and health behaviors. A sample of 285 undergraduates was tested with a dialectical thinking styles scale, health promoting lifestyle profiles, and TPB questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Results indicated that all the three dimensions of thinking styles (belief in the connection, acceptance of change, and acceptance of contradiction) exerted significant effects on TPB constructs. Specifically, the connection and the change dimensions had positive effects on health behaviors mediated by TPB, whereas the contradiction dimension had a negative effect. Model 2 showed a satisfactory fit, demonstrating the influential pathways between dialectical thinking and health behaviors. Implications in issues of health promotion and future research are discussed.     

How Speech Modifies Visual Attention

Auditory distractions can have serious consequences in critical situations such as driving. Mobile phones, radios, media players, and information devices that interpret and produce speech are increasingly common in vehicles, but the threats to visual attention are not yet fully understood. In three experiments, we found that most speech tasks had relatively small adverse effects on the detection of a briefly presented target among distractors across a 60° subarea of the visual field. Although there was a little impact on detectability, moderately difficult speech tasks slowed responding relative to silence. Our most demanding condition—generating and speaking a word beginning with the last letter of another word—had the greatest effects on accuracy and latency, with responding slowed by about 900 ms. An impairment of this magnitude presents a significant threat to safe driving and calls into question the belief that hands‐free voice‐controlled devices are the answer to the problem of driver distraction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Crystallization behaviour of Al-based amorphous alloy and nanocomposites by rapid quenching

The microstructure and crystallization behaviour of melt-spun Al₈₈Ni₉Ce₂Fe₁ amorphous alloy and nanophase composites have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning and isothermal calorimetry. The diffraction patterns from Al₈₈Ni₉Ce₂Fe₁ amorphous alloys are diffuse, indicating a basically amorphous structure but contain two rings presumed to be associated with quenched-in nuclei. In the cases of Al₈₈Ni₉Ce₂Fe₁ nanophase composites, nanoscale precipitated particles are homogeneously dispersed in an amorphous matrix, and the crystallite diameter and volume fraction are sensitive to quenching conditions. During thermal crystallization, a two-step phase transformation occurs in the amorphous alloy and nanocomposites, which is characterized by a diffusion-controlled precipitation of nanoscale Al particles and the growth of a Al₃(Ni, Fe) nanophase prior to a Al₁₁Ce₃ nanophase. This study gives insight into structure-control for obtaining nanophases dispersed in an amorphous matrix by rapid quenching.     

在押毒品犯人格的基本特征及其相关因素的研究

本研究以 3 78名在押毒品犯为被试 ,以CPI为测量工具 ,探讨了在押毒品犯的基本特征和类型特征 ,并采用方差分析技术研究了影响毒品犯人格的若干因素。结果发现 ,与对照组相比 ,在押毒品犯除了在“自我控制”分量表上未发现显著差异外 ,其余的 1 9个分量表上均有显著差异 ;在押毒品犯在四种人格类型上的分布不平衡 ,主要集中在Delta类型 ;年龄、关押时间对毒品犯的人格特征的变异有一定影响 ,而减刑次数的影响不显著     

Transformation of Miller indices in twinned structures

Abstract

The parent–twin transformation equations derived by Mügge and subsequent workers have been reinvestigated in view of the observation that these equations produce similar, but not numerically identical, transformations. The current study suggests that, from the point of view of the classical orientation relations, the assumptions made in several derivations are applicable only to special transformation situations.     

幼儿二维心理旋转能力发展的研究

在以旋转的米老鼠图形作为测试项目,对每半岁为一个年龄段共１３３名３．５一６．５岁的幼儿进行心理旋转的实验研究中发现,幼儿在４岁时已经开始建立心理旋转能力．其发展特征呈连续性;男女幼儿间有一定的性别差异存在,但统计结果提示无显著性意义;男女幼儿在５－６岁间都发现有一个负增长阶段,其原因不明。     

咀嚼口香糖对认知及情绪的影响

本文系统地综述了近期关于咀嚼口香糖对负性情绪调节和认知功能的影响,以及咀嚼口香糖的脑机制的实验研究.这些研究发现,咀嚼口香糖对人们的负性情绪调节,注意、记忆、学习等认知功能起到了积极的促进作用,咀嚼口香糖所激活的脑区与负责运动、记忆、注意和情绪等高级功能的脑区有一定的重叠.