中学生的思维风格与人格特质的关系

以497名中学生为被试,采用四种不同的统计方法,从多角度考察中学生的思维风格与人格特质之间的关系,为进一步探讨思维风格是否为介于智力和人格之间的一个中间变量奠定基础。结果发现,中学生的思维风格与人格特质之间存在稳定的对应关系,思维风格对人格特质的影响作用大于人格特质对思维风格的作用。     

The Ecumenical Significance of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church

From 20 to 26 June 2016, following a century of preparatory work, the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church met on the island of Crete. Among the various documents agreed by the council, the most controversial before, during, and after the council was the one on “The Relations of the Orthodox Church with the Rest of the Christian World.” This article sets out the importance of this statement, and considers and responds to the various criticisms of it that have emerged among certain Orthodox groups and individuals. The article concludes that despite such objections, the statement has a crucial ecumenical significance, and that, for the first time in its history, the Orthodox Church has taken a conciliar decision with regard to participation in the ecumenical movement and engagement in theological dialogue with other Christian churches and confessions.     

决策行为和道德判断过程的外语效应:现状与展望

最近研究者发现,人们对决策任务的加工随表述的语言形式(母语/外语)的不同而发生改变,即出现外语效应,并基于双加工模型提出了直觉(即情绪)加工被弱化和审慎(即认知)加工被增强两种理论解释,且均获得部分研究结果的支持。本文概述了外语效应及其心理机制的主要研究文献,并指出由于既往研究范式无法分离情绪与认知加工两个子过程的效力,未来研究应利用加工分离程序以及负性情绪与认知加工阻断技术,深入考察外语对直觉加工和审慎加工的影响,以阐明外语效应的形成机制。     

Neuropsychological Measures that Predict Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's type dementia in Older Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study aimed to determine the extent to which cognitive measures can predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s type dementia (AD), assess the predictive accuracy of different cognitive domain categories, and determine whether accuracy varies as a function of age and length of follow-up. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed data from longitudinal studies reporting sensitivity and specificity values for neuropsychological tests to identify individuals with MCI who will develop AD. We searched articles in Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science. Methodological quality was assessed using the STARDem and QUADAS standards. Twenty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria (2365 participants) and reported predictive values from 61 neuropsychological tests with a 31-month mean follow-up. Values were pooled to provide combined accuracy for 14 cognitive domains. Many domains showed very good predictive accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity values (≥ 0.7). Verbal memory measures and many language tests yielded very high predictive accuracy. Other domains (e.g., executive functions, visual memory) showed better specificity than sensitivity. Predictive accuracy was highest when combining memory measures with a small set of other domains or when relying on broad cognitive batteries. Cognitive tests are excellent at predicting MCI individuals who will progress to dementia and should be a critical component of any toolkit intended to identify AD at the pre-dementia stage. Some tasks are remarkable as early indicators, whereas others might be used to suggest imminent progression.     

Depressive Symptoms among Children with ODD: Contributions of Parent and Child Risk Factors in a Chinese Sample

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a developmental disorder characterized by serious and persistent social impairment, especially stressful interactions with parents. Although previous studies demonstrated associations between parent mental health and children’s ODD symptoms, less attention has been paid to integrating both parent and child risk factors. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the associations among parent emotion regulation, child emotion regulation, parental depression, and child depression in Chinese children with ODD. A total of 234 children with ODD ranging in age from 6 to 13 years, along with their fathers or mothers, completed questionnaires. Results indicated that: (1) Parent emotion regulation, parental depression and child emotion regulation were significantly correlated with children’s depressive symptoms. (2) Parent emotion regulation was related to children’s depression indirectly through parental depression and child emotion regulation. (3) Child emotion regulation fully mediated the relationship between parent emotion regulation and child depression, and also fully mediated the relationship between parental and child depression. These findings highlight the need to improve parent emotion regulation and pay attention to parental mental health, because both risk factors may exacerbate their children’s emotion regulation difficulties and further associate the high level of depressive symptoms among children with ODD.     

Unsatisfied relatedness,not competence or autonomy,increases trait anger through the right amygdala

Anger is a common negative emotion in social life. Behavioral research suggests that unsatisfied relatedness, autonomy, and competence are related to anger. However, it remains unclear whether these unsatisfied needs all contribute to anger or just a particular unsatisfied need is the main source of anger. In addition, little is known about the neural substrate between unsatisfied needs and anger. To address these two questions, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to explore the neural substrate underlying the relation between unsatisfied needs and trait anger. Behaviorally, we found that although all three unsatisfied needs were correlated with trait anger, unsatisfied relatedness was the only factor that was uniquely related to trait anger. Neurally, the gray matter volume of the right amygdala was correlated with trait anger, which fits nicely with the role of the amygdala as a core region for processing anger. Importantly, the right amygdala mediated the total effect of unsatisfied relatedness on trait anger, even after controlling for general personality dispositions. Our results contribute to the theoretical conceptualization of anger by elucidating the unique role of unsatisfied relatedness in anger and the neural substrate underlying such relation.     

时间洞察力对跨期选择偏好的预测

利用津巴多时间洞察力问卷,采用跨期选择经典范式,考察“现在享乐型”和“未来定向型”两类时间洞察力个体在跨期选择上的偏好,从人格特质角度来探究跨期选择的认知机制。结果发现：(1)现在享乐定向组的延迟折扣率显著高于未来定向组;(2)未来定向组在时间洞察力量表“未来维度”得分与延迟折扣率显著负相关。这说明时间洞察力对个体延迟折扣率具有预测作用,支持了跨期选择的时间感知基础模型。     

时间心理学的新探索

时间是心理过程的存在方式,也是人格特征的存在方式。本文在综述国内外有关研究成果的基础上,对时间心理学研究的最新领域和热点问题进行了探索,主要包括三个方面：（1）时间知觉与意识,主要研究时间知觉和意识过程的关系,特别是探讨意识过程的时限和时间整合问题;（2）时间认知的脑机制,主要利用事件相关电位和脑成像技术探索时间信息加工的时程和功能定位问题;（3）时间人格研究,主要探讨时间洞察力的内涵和时间管理倾向的理论及其应用。     

试论宗教为构建和谐社会服务的途径与方法

宗教是构建社会主义和谐社会的一支重要力量,对此大家已经有了广泛的共识。现在的问题是,宗教为构建和谐社会服务有哪些途径?主要方法是什么?它需要具备什么样的社会环境?就这几个问题谈一些个人的看法,不妥之处请大家批评指正。一、宗教为构建和谐社会服务的途径宗教是社会的子系统,对社会经济、政治、文化、伦理道德等各方面都可以发生影响。因此,宗教为构建社会主义和谐社会服务的途径是全范围、全方位的。1、参加社会主义现代化建设我党提出构建和谐社会的一个基本内涵,就是在21世纪头20年集中力量建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社…     

汉语儿童汉语与英语语音意识发展的关系

研究以押韵、首音、音位和声调(汉语)等语音学单位为基础考察了一、三、五年级302名汉语儿童汉语与英语语音意识发展间的关系。结果表明,汉语与英语语音意识之间存在着显著的相关,其中汉语押韵意识与英语各语音意识的相关最高,而声调意识最低;儿童在汉语语音意识的正确率显著地高于英语语音意识;汉语语音意识水平高的儿童在英语语音意识各任务上的正确率显著地高于汉语语音意识水平低的儿童。