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31.
The present study examined children's and adults' categorization and moral judgment of truthful and untruthful statements. 7‐, 9‐ and 11‐year‐old Chinese children and college students read stories in which story characters made truthful or untruthful statements and were asked to classify and evaluate the statements. The statements varied in terms of whether the speaker intended to help or harm a listener and whether the statement was made in a setting that called for informational accuracy or politeness. Results showed that the communicative intent and setting factors jointly influence children's categorization of lying and truth‐telling, which extends an earlier finding (Lee & Ross, 1997) to childhood. Also, we found that children's and adults' moral judgments of lying and truth‐telling were influenced by the communicative intent but not the setting factor. The present results were discussed in terms of Sweetser's (1987) folkloristic model of lying. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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学习成绩差与成绩好学生短时记忆特点的比较研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
本研究比较了小学1、3、5年级学习成绩好/差学生在图片、数字、词汇记忆上的特点。结果表明:(1)在图片记忆上,两组儿童的成绩没有差异。1、3年级优差生间的差异主要在数字与具体词汇记忆中;5年级两组学生的差异主要在数字与抽象词汇记忆中。(2)从提示/非提示及击中虚假刺激的结果看,两组儿童在记忆上的差异部分地是由于策略运用上的差异。经过提示,学习不良儿童在数字和词汇记忆上的成绩有了提高。 相似文献
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《儿童认知能力诊断量表》的特点与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文分析了《儿童认知能力诊断量表》的特点及其在鉴别和诊断学习不良儿童认知缺陷中的作用。该量表由三个分测验和七个项目组成。量表的常模取样于浙江省十个城市的333名1~3年级儿童。数据处理和分析的结果表明:(1)该量表能反映出小学儿童认知能力随年级增长的趋势;(2)重测信度表明量表具有一定的可靠性;(3)该量表有较好的鉴别效度,而且效度检验的结果说明了学习不良儿童在认知能力上的“多病源”特征。 相似文献
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Fen Luo Xiaoqing Wang Yan Cai Dongbo Tu 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2023,76(2):283-311
Computerized adaptive testing for cognitive diagnosis (CD-CAT) needs to be efficient and responsive in real time to meet practical applications' requirements. For high-dimensional data, the number of categories to be recognized in a test grows exponentially as the number of attributes increases, which can easily cause system reaction time to be too long such that it adversely affects the examinees and thus seriously impacts the measurement efficiency. More importantly, the long-time CPU operations and memory usage of item selection in CD-CAT due to intensive computation are impractical and cannot wholly meet practice needs. This paper proposed two new efficient selection strategies (HIA and CEL) for high-dimensional CD-CAT to address this issue by incorporating the max-marginals from the maximum a posteriori query and integrating the ensemble learning approach into the previous efficient selection methods, respectively. The performance of the proposed selection method was compared with the conventional selection method using simulated and real item pools. The results showed that the proposed methods could significantly improve the measurement efficiency with about 1/2–1/200 of the conventional methods' computation time while retaining similar measurement accuracy. With increasing number of attributes and size of the item pool, the computation time advantage of the proposed methods becomes more significant. 相似文献
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面孔种族效应是指个体对本族面孔与他族面孔的加工存在差异,即对本族面孔的识别比他族面孔更快速、更准确,而对他族面孔的分类则优于本族面孔。经验是否以及如何影响面孔种族效应的发展,一直是研究者关注的焦点。近十几年,越来越多的学者对婴儿面孔种族效应进行了研究,已有成果主要涉及两个方面:(1)自然条件下婴儿面孔种族效应的出现与发展,即婴儿在面孔种族偏好、识别与分类以及面孔种族加工方式上的变化;(2)训练对婴儿面孔种族效应的影响。未来应丰富研究模式,增强实验材料的生态性,联合新的神经生理技术手段,进一步揭示婴儿经验对面孔种族效应的作用机制。 相似文献
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The authors investigated intimate relationships and violence toward women, using group discussions and focus group techniques from a feminist group counseling perspective, with Taiwanese Presbyterian female pastors. The story of the Levite's concubine and the feminist commentary were provided to a group of Taiwanese female pastors to read at the beginning of the focus group session. The women's perspectives of their intimate relationship experiences in light of the biblical story were explored. The 6 themes related to participants' intimate relationships were generated and are discussed. 相似文献
40.
Xuezhu Ren Karl Schweizer Tengfei Wang Fen Xu 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2015,11(3):97-105
The present study provides a new account of how fluid intelligence influences
academic performance. In this account a complex learning component of fluid
intelligence tests is proposed to play a major role in predicting academic
performance. A sample of 2, 277 secondary school students completed two
reasoning tests that were assumed to represent fluid intelligence and
standardized math and verbal tests assessing academic performance. The fluid
intelligence data were decomposed into a learning component that was associated
with the position effect of intelligence items and a constant component that was
independent of the position effect. Results showed that the learning component
contributed significantly more to the prediction of math and verbal performance
than the constant component. The link from the learning component to math
performance was especially strong. These results indicated that fluid
intelligence, which has so far been considered as homogeneous, could be
decomposed in such a way that the resulting components showed different
properties and contributed differently to the prediction of academic
performance. Furthermore, the results were in line with the expectation that
learning was a predictor of performance in school. 相似文献