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151.
Islam and Politics in Central Asia by M. Haghayeghi. London: Macmillan, 1995, 264 pp. Empire's Edge: Travels in South‐Eastern Europe, Turkey and Central Asia by Scott Malcomson. Boston USA and London: Faber and Faber, 1994, 256 pp. Paperback, £8.99. The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism by Ahmed Rashid. London and New Jersey: Zed Books, 1994, x+278 pp. Hardback, £36.95, $59.95; Paperback, £14.95, $25.00. Pride of Small Nations: The Caucasus and Post‐Soviet Disorder by Suzanne Golden‐berg. London and New Jersey: Zed Books, 1994. xvi+233 pp. Hardback, £36.95, $55.00; Paperback, £14.95, $22.50. The North Caucasus Barrier: the Russian Advance towards the Muslim World edited by M. Bennigsen Broxup. London: Hurst, 1992, xvii+252 pp. Hardback. Paperback, 1996, £14.95. 相似文献
152.
Computer games are advocated as a promising tool bridging the gap between the controllability of a lab experiment and the mundane realism of a field experiment. At the same time, many authors stress the importance of observing real behavior instead of asking participants about possible or intended behaviors. In this article, the authors introduce an online virtual social environment, which is inhabited by autonomous agents including the virtual spouse of the participant. Participants can freely explore the virtual world and interact with any other inhabitant, allowing the expression of spontaneous and unprompted behavior. The authors investigated the usefulness of this game for the assessment of interactions with a virtual spouse and their relations to intimacy and autonomy motivation as well as relationship satisfaction with the real-life partner. Both the intimacy motive and the satisfaction with the real-world relationship showed significant correlations with aggregated in-game behavior, which shows that some sort of transference between the real world and the virtual world took place. In addition, a process analysis of interaction quality revealed that relationship satisfaction and intimacy motive had different effects on the initial status and the time course of the interaction quality. Implications for psychological assessment using virtual social environments are discussed. 相似文献
153.
Felix E Hernández LA Bravo M Ramirez R Cabiya J Canino G 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(4):589-600
We examined the persistence of psychiatric disorders at approximately 18 and 30 months after a hurricane among a random sample
of the child and adolescent population (4–17 years) of Puerto Rico. Data were obtained from caretaker-child dyads (N = 1,886) through in person interviews with primary caretakers (all children) and youth (11–17 years) using the Diagnostic
Interview Schedule for Children IV in Spanish. Logistic regressions, controlling for sociodemographic variables, were used
to study the relation between disaster exposure and internalizing, externalizing, or any disorder. Children’s disaster-related
distress manifested as internalizing disorders, rather than as externalizing disorders at 18 months post-disaster. At 30 months,
there was no longer a significant difference in rates of disorder between hurricane-exposed and non-exposed youth. Results
were similar across age ranges. Rates of specific internalizing disorders between exposed and unexposed children are provided.
Research and clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献
154.
There is a fundamental difference between robots that are equipped with sensory, motor and cognitive capabilities, vs. simulations or non-embodied cognitive systems. Via their perceptual and motor capabilities, these robotic systems can interact with humans in an increasingly more “natural” way, physically interacting with shared objects in cooperative action settings. Indeed, such cognitive robotic systems provide a unique opportunity to developmental psychologists for implementing their theories and testing their hypotheses on systems that are becoming increasingly “at home” in the sensory--motor and social worlds, where such hypotheses are relevant. The current research is the result of interaction between research in computational neuroscience and robotics on the one hand, and developmental psychology on the other. One of the key findings in the developmental psychology context is that with respect to other primates, humans appear to have a unique ability and motivation to share goals and intentions with others. This ability is expressed in cooperative behavior very early in life, and appears to be the basis for subsequent development of social cognition. Here we attempt to identify a set of core functional elements of cooperative behavior and the corresponding shared intentional representations. We then begin to specify how these capabilities can be implemented in a robotic system, the Cooperator, and tested in human–robot interaction experiments. Based on the results of these experiments we discuss the mutual benefit for both fields of the interaction between robotics and developmental psychology. 相似文献
155.
Alexander Kirchner-Häusler Felix D. Schönbrodt Ayse K. Uskul Vivian L. Vignoles Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón Vanessa A. Castillo Susan E. Cross Meral Gezici-Yalçın Charles Harb Shenel Husnu Keiko Ishii Panagiota Karamaouna Konstantinos Kafetsios Evangelia Kateri Juan Matamoros-Lima Rania Miniesy Jinkyung Na Zafer Özkan Stefano Pagliaro Charis Psaltis Dina Rabie Manuel Teresi Yukiko Uchida 《Journal of personality》2024,92(1):38-54
156.
Fan J Gao D Carroll SA Lopez FJ Tian TS Meng H 《The Journal of applied psychology》2012,97(4):866-880
The authors propose a new procedure for reducing faking on personality tests within selection contexts. This computer-based procedure attempts to identify and warn potential fakers early on during the testing process and then give them a chance for recourse. Two field studies were conducted to test the efficacy of the proposed procedure. Study 1 participants were 157 applicants competing for 10 staff positions at a large university located in a southern city in the People's Republic of China. In Study 1, potential fakers received a warning message, whereas nonfakers received a nonwarning (control) message. Study 2 participants were 386 Chinese college students applying for membership of a popular student organization at the same university where Study 1 was conducted. In Study 2, the warning and control messages were randomly assigned to all applicants. Results showed some promise for the proposed procedure, but several practical issues need to be considered. 相似文献
157.
We compared the performance of 3- and 5-year-old children with that of chimpanzees in two tasks requiring collaboration via complementary roles. In both tasks, children and chimpanzees were able to coordinate two complementary roles with peers and solve the problem cooperatively. This is the first experimental demonstration of the coordination of complementary roles in chimpanzees. In the second task, neither species was skillful at waiting for a partner to be positioned appropriately before beginning (although children did hesitate significantly longer when the partner was absent). The main difference between species in both tasks was in children's, but not chimpanzees’, ability to profit from experience as a collaborator in one role when later reversing roles. This difference suggests that as they participate in a collaboration, young children integrate both roles into a single “birds-eye-view” representational format in a way that chimpanzees do not. 相似文献
158.
The present study aimed at contributing to the understanding of social disparities in relation to students' academic achievement in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics domains. A sample of n = 321 German 11th graders completed measures of their family socio‐economic status (SES), general intelligence, domain‐specific ability self‐concepts and subjective scholastic values in math, physics and chemistry. Students' grades in these subjects received four months after testing served as criteria. Significant mediation effects were found for all motivational variables between fathers' SES and students' achievement, whereas for mothers' SES, only children's academic self‐concept in chemistry was a significant mediator. These results also held when students' general intelligence was controlled. Additionally, we controlled for students' grades before testing to investigate which variables mediated the influence of SES on change in school performance. Motivational variables significantly mediated the influence of fathers' SES on change in school performance in math but not in chemistry and physics. Intelligence significantly mediated the influence of fathers' SES on change in school performance in physics and chemistry but not in mathematics. The impact of mothers' SES on change in grades in chemistry was mediated by intelligence. Among others, the reasons potentially accounting for the differential influences of fathers' and mothers' SES are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
159.
All children in Grades 3 through 12 of one school system completed a survey about health habits and beliefs including smoking and eating habits, perceptions of exercise, weight, and parental involvement in health. The surveys were factor-analyzed within grade and sex, and the overall factors that emerged were Smoking Habits, Family Discussion of Health, Family Thinking About Health, Nutritional Habits, and Health Locus of Control. Analysis of variance of each factor revealed that girls generally reported healthier food habits than did boys. However, girls reported more smoking and less exercise. There are also changes in habits and belief with age; junior high school is a particularly important time for the development of several habits. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of child development and the implications for the content and timing of future health education intervention programs with children. 相似文献
160.
In the present paper we study the possible RH capabilities for the processing of adjectives and verbs of high frequency and medium imagery using a lexical decision task and a horizontal display. In the analysis of both RTs and mean errors, a RVF advantage is obtained. The interaction VF x Word Class did not reach significance. Therefore, we did not find evidence of differences in the visual-field effect for any syntactic class. These results support a LH superiority for the processing of both adjectives and verbs. For the nonword conditions (pseudoverbs and pseudoadjectives), no visual field differences were observed in either group. Methodological aspects are also discussed. 相似文献