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421.
Ruth Feldman Romi Magori-Cohen Giora Galili Magi Singer Yoram Louzoun 《Infant behavior & development》2011,34(4):569-577
Animal studies demonstrated the powerful impact of maternal-infant social contact on the infant's physiological systems, yet the online effects of social interactions on the human infant's physiology remain poorly understood. Mothers and their 3-month old infants were observed during face-to-face interactions while cardiac output was collected from mother and child. Micro-analysis of the partners’ behavior marked episodes of gaze, affect, and vocal synchrony. Time-series analysis showed that mother and infant coordinate heart rhythms within lags of less than 1 s. Bootstrapping analysis indicated that the concordance between maternal and infant biological rhythms increased significantly during episodes of affect and vocal synchrony compared to non-synchronous moments. Humans, like other mammals, can impact the physiological processes of the attachment partner through the coordination of visuo-affective social signals. 相似文献
422.
Suvak MK Litz BT Sloan DM Zanarini MC Barrett LF Hofmann SG 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2011,120(2):414-426
This study examined the affective dysregulation component of borderline personality disorder (BPD) from an emotional granularity perspective, which refers to the specificity in which one represents emotions. Forty-six female participants meeting criteria for BPD and 51 female control participants without BPD and Axis I pathology completed tasks that assessed the degree to which participants incorporated information about valence (pleasant-unpleasant) and arousal (calm-activated) in their semantic/conceptual representations of emotions and in using labels to represent emotional reactions. As hypothesized, participants with BPD emphasized valence more and arousal less than control participants did when using emotion terms to label their emotional reactions. Implications and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
423.
Utilizing a meta-analytical approach for testing moderating effects, the current study investigated organizational tenure as a moderator in the relation between affective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). We observed that, across 40 studies (N = 11,416 respondents), the effect size for the relation between affective organizational commitment and non-self measures of OCB was .23. However, we also found that organizational tenure moderated the relation in a non-linear way. Before 10 years of tenure, the strength of the commitment–OCB relation increased as organizational tenure increased; after that point, the strength of the commitment–OCB relation decreased as organizational tenure increased. In short, the moderating effect of tenure follows a curvilinear pattern. 相似文献
424.
Rumination to negative affect has been linked to the onset and maintenance of mood disorders in adults as well as children.
Responses to positive affect have received far less attention thus far. A few recent studies in adults suggest that responses
to positive affect are involved in the development of both depressive and hypomanic symptoms, but thus far no study has investigated
their role in childhood mood problems. The purpose of the present study was to validate a child version of the Responses to
Positive Affect questionnaire and examine the extent to which responses to positive affect prospectively predict mood symptoms
over a 3-month interval. The Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire for Children was found to assess two types of responses
to positive affect: Positive Rumination and Dampening. Both subscales showed sufficient internal consistency and moderate
stability over a 3-month interval. Low levels of positive rumination and high levels of dampening were concurrently associated
with depressive symptoms, over and above responses to negative affect. Importantly, low levels of positive rumination also
predicted increases in depressive symptoms over a 3-month interval over and above baseline symptoms in children reporting
high levels of stress. Both positive rumination and dampening were positively related to concurrent hypomanic symptoms and
high levels of positive rumination predicted increases in hypomanic symptoms over a 3-month interval over and above baseline
symptoms in children reporting high levels of stress. The results underscore the added value of assessing responses to positive
affect in addition to responses to negative affect. 相似文献
425.
Barrett LF 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2012,12(3):413-429
It is obvious that emotions are real, but the question is what kind of "real" are they? In this article, I outline a theoretical approach where emotions are a part of social reality. I propose that physical changes (in the face, voice, and body, or neural circuits for behavioral adaptations like freezing, fleeing, or fighting) transform into an emotion when those changes take on psychological functions that they cannot perform by their physical nature alone. This requires socially shared conceptual knowledge that perceivers use to create meaning from these physical changes (as well as the circuitry that supports this meaning making). My claim is that emotions are, at the same time, socially constructed and biologically evident. Only when we understand all the elements that construct emotional episodes, in social, psychological, and biological terms, will we understand the nature of emotion. 相似文献
426.
The purpose of this study was to examine gay men's perceived attractiveness of male figures based on short-term and long-term partner contexts. A sample of 190 gay adult men rated the attractiveness of line-drawings depicting male figures varying systematically in muscularity and body fat percentage in both short-term and long-term dating contexts. Mixed effects modeling was used to estimate the effects of figure (muscularity and body fat), dating context (short-term vs. long-term), and individual rater characteristics on attractiveness ratings. Results indicated that figure muscularity and body-fat had significant non-linear (i.e., quadratic) relationships with attractiveness ratings, and short-term dating context was associated with more discriminating ratings of attractiveness. Interactions between individual characteristics and figure characteristics indicated that the more available the individual and lower body fat, the more discriminating they were in ratings of attractiveness. The implications for future investigations considering both object and observer characteristics of attractiveness preferences are discussed. 相似文献
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Fred Feldman 《Philosophical Studies》2006,130(3):585-601