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31.
32.
Henry Feinberg 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(2):217-229
Regression surface analysis was used to examine relationships between teacher perceptions of school related behavior and children's academic achievement at different levels of intelligence, social status, and family environment. Data were collected as part of a national survey of 11-, 12-, and 15-year-old English schoolchildren (N = approximately 3000). The regression surfaces were constructed from models which examined possible linear, curvilinear, and interaction relations between the variables. In the analysis the Jackknife technique was used to adjust the significance levels. Two propositions are suggested by the results that (a) at each level of intelligence and social environment, changes in the teacher perceptions of student behavior are associated with modest changes in academic achievement, and (b) at each level of teacher perceptions, increases in intelligence and social environment scores are related to sizable increments in academic achievement. 相似文献
33.
Mortimer R. Feinberg Max Smith Robert Schmidt 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(1):133-148
Conservation has been found to be positively and moderately correlated with reading readiness, and only slightly less correlated with reading readiness than intelligence as measured by the Primary Mental Abilities Test. A moderate correlation also existed between conservation and intelligence. It was suggested that conservation would be worthy of attention by primary teachers as a predictor of the child's readiness for learning to read. 相似文献
34.
We review messaging within automobile advertisements that normalizes and glamorizes reckless driving behavior. Our content analysis of video advertisements illustrates the use of the automobile in ways that are both illegal and dangerous. Advertisements with hazardous driving images occur more often in our sample than all other types of marketing strategies. Messages include deviance from distributional norms (atypical vehicle use); illegal or immoral driving behaviors that put others at risk; and questionable judgments on the part of manufacturers that use advertisement imagery to increase sales while assuming little of the public costs associated with accidents, injuries, and preventable fatalities on roadways. 相似文献
35.
Mark E. Feinberg Damon E. Jones Douglas A. Granger Daniel E. Bontempo 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2013,104(4):525-542
The study examines whether anxiety or chronic relationship stress alter the way that couple conflict affects cortisol levels for women and men during the transition to parenthood. Saliva samples, assayed for cortisol, were collected before and after couple interaction from 128 heterosexual couples expecting their first child. Confirming prior research, expectant mothers had higher cortisol levels than their spouses, and gestational age was linked to women's cortisol level. Negativity during couple interaction was associated with greater cortisol reactivity for men, but not women. Tests of moderation indicated little relation between negativity and cortisol recovery for individuals with a low level of anxiety or little history of chronic arguing with the partner. However, among individuals with elevated levels of either of these two factors, negativity was linked to less cortisol recovery for men, but more cortisol recovery for women. Consistent results were also found for the relation between low warmth in the couple interaction and both reactivity and recovery for men and women high in anxiety. Future research should examine whether pregnancy is responsible for these different gender patterns, or whether the inhibition of negativity is stressful for women with high levels of risk. 相似文献
36.
Pisanski Katarzyna Isenstein Sari G. E. Montano Kelyn J. O’Connor Jillian J. M. Feinberg David R. 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2017,79(4):1239-1251
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics - The binding of incongruent cues poses a challenge for multimodal perception. Indeed, although taller objects emit sounds from higher elevations,... 相似文献
37.
Vukovic J Jones BC Feinberg DR Debruine LM Smith FG Welling LL Little AC 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2011,102(1):37-48
Several studies have found that women tend to demonstrate stronger preferences for masculine men as short-term partners than as long-term partners, though there is considerable variation among women in the magnitude of this effect. One possible source of this variation is individual differences in the extent to which women perceive masculine men to possess antisocial traits that are less costly in short-term relationships than in long-term relationships. Consistent with this proposal, here we show that the extent to which women report stronger preferences for men with low (i.e., masculine) voice pitch as short-term partners than as long-term partners is associated with the extent to which they attribute physical dominance and low trustworthiness to these masculine voices. Thus, our findings suggest that variation in the extent to which women attribute negative personality characteristics to masculine men predicts individual differences in the magnitude of the effect of relationship context on women's masculinity preferences, highlighting the importance of perceived personality attributions for individual differences in women's judgments of men's vocal attractiveness and, potentially, their mate preferences. 相似文献
38.
Despite advances in understanding the role that several physiological systems play in the occurrence of general violence, little progress has been made toward understanding biological correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV). We explored involvement of one physiological system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Among 137 heterosexual couples expecting a first child, baseline level of HPA activity-assessed via salivary cortisol collected before a couple conflict discussion-was linked to both men's and women's violence perpetration. HPA reactivity to the conflict bout did not show an independent association with IPV. However, persisting elevation in men's, and down-regulation in women's, HPA activity during a further recovery period was linked to men's violence perpetration. 相似文献
39.
When reaching goals, organisms must simultaneously meet the overarching goal of conserving energy. According to the law of least effort, organisms will select the means associated with the least effort. The mechanisms underlying this bias remain unknown. One
hypothesis is that organisms come to avoid situations associated with unnecessary effort by generating a negative valence
toward the stimuli associated with such situations. Accordingly, merely using a dysfunctional, ‘slow’ computer mouse causes
participants to dislike ambient neutral images (Study 1). In Study 2, nonsense shapes were liked less when associated with
effortful processing (135° of mental rotation) versus easier processing (45° of rotation). Complementing ‘fluency’ effects
found in perceptuo-semantic research, valence emerged from action-related processing in a principled fashion. The findings
imply that negative valence associations may underlie avoidance motivations, and have practical implications for educational/workplace
contexts in which effort and positive affect are conducive to success. 相似文献
40.
Benedict C. Jones David R. Feinberg Patricia E. G. Bestelmeyer Lisa M. DeBruine Anthony C. Little 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(4):522-528
We investigated the effects of adaptation to mouth shapes associated with different spoken sounds (sustained /m/ or /u/) on
visual perception of lip speech. Participants were significantly more likely to label ambiguous faces on an /m/-to-/u/ continuum as saying /u/ following adaptation to /m/ mouth shapes than they
were in a preadaptation test. By contrast, participants were significantly less likely to label the ambiguous faces as saying /u/ following adaptation to /u/ mouth shapes than they were in a preadaptation
test. The magnitude of these aftereffects was equivalent when the same individual was shown in the adaptation and test phases
of the experiment and when different individuals were presented in the adaptation and test phases. These findings present
novel evidence that adaptation to natural variations in facial appearance influences face perception, and they extend previous
research on face aftereffects to visual perception of lip speech. 相似文献