情绪生理机制研究的外周与中枢神经系统整合模型

阐明人类情绪的生理机制是心理学家和神经科学家所面临的巨大挑战。以往研究倾向于分别考察情绪的外周反应模式和脑机制。近年来,随着情绪电生理学和认知神经科学的发展,许多研究者从外周与中枢神经系统相互作用的角度,提出了一些解释情绪生理机制的整合模型。其中,以情绪环路模型和神经内脏整合模型为典型代表。前者强调由外周到中枢的自下而上的加工方式,试图说明情绪经验形成的机制;后者则采取由中枢到外周的自上而下的加工方式,试图阐明情绪调控的机制。今后的研究有必要借鉴这两个模型,并结合近期有关情绪信息加工神经机制的新成果,以便构建能够更为全面解释人类情绪的生理模型。     

Interference from familiar natural distractors is not eliminated by high perceptual load

A crucial prediction of perceptual load theory is that high perceptual load can eliminate interference from distractors. However, Lavie et al. (Psychol Sci 14:510–515, 2003) found that high perceptual load did not eliminate interference when the distractor was a face. The current experiments examined the interaction between familiarity and perceptual load in modulating interference in a name search task. The data reveal that high perceptual load eliminated the interference effect for unfamiliar distractors that were faces or objects, but did not eliminate the interference for familiar distractors that were faces or objects. Based on these results, we proposed that the processing of familiar and natural stimuli may be immune to the effect of perceptual load.     

口腔种植诊疗实践中的思考

口腔种植现已经出现在人们的视线里,它具有一定的特殊性和优越性,能够解决常规修复手段不能解决的问题,然而在临床应用中,需要考虑和处理的问题往往很复杂。因此有必要在临床实践中运用辩证思维及循证医学的思想,在诊断中全面考虑、周密计划;在治疗中处理问题、解决难点;在随访中发现问题,促进发展。     

长三角经济发展中土地资源的增长阻力分析

土地等基本自然资源的约束会造成实际经济增长水平趋于下降.本文基于新古典增长模型,就长三角地区的土地资源对经济发展的增长阻力进行了实证分析.计量结果显示,在1978-2006年间,由于土地资源的消耗而造成长三角地区总体经济增长速度平均每年下降了0.52%;上海和江苏的土地"尾效"分别为0.21%和0.18%.改变上述状况的一个有效途经就是调整经济增长中的要素结构,减少土地和资本的依赖程度,通过技术创新推动长三角地区的经济增长.     

宗教与心理健康关系的研究综述

近年来,国外学者对宗教与心理健康关系进行了大量的研究.宗教总体上与更健康的心理,更多的幸福感,更低的抑郁、焦虑水平以及更低的自杀率有关.生命意义感、健康行为和社会支持很可能是影响宗教与心理健康关系的中间因素.在分析这一领域研究存在的问题的基础上,对在国内开展相关研究进行展望.     

哈尼族祖先崇拜丧葬习俗及调适作用探讨

本文在实际调查和广泛收集资料的基础上,运用民俗学、社会学、民族学、文化人类学等学科理论梳理和分析了哈尼族祖先崇拜在丧葬期间和节假日中的不同礼仪分类及其特点,探讨了哈尼族祖先崇拜在道德评价、行为约束、情感凝聚等三方面的调适作用。     

《灵宝赤帝炼度五仙安灵镇神三炁天文》简析

镇墓文,是一种随葬文字材料,它具有鲜明的道教文化烙印。其主要目的是,开度亡魂,厌镇鬼神。本文通过对成都出土的北宋刘六一娘墓中的《灵宝赤帝炼度五仙安灵镇神三炁天文》的解读,来展现《灵宝赤帝炼度五仙安灵镇神三炁天文》在墓葬中的使用方法及其含义。     

农村最低生活保障制度的伦理问题探讨

农村最低生活保障制度是一项具有浓厚伦理意蕴的社会制度,有着自身的伦理诉求:以人为本、社会公正及社会融合,但在运行各环节中也出现了许多伦理失范,如观念扭曲异化、多重标准纠结及生活世界殖民化等问题。矫治农村低保制度伦理失范,应树立政府"公共人"角色意识,规范优化政府行为;进行伦理价值取向定位,建构共享价值观体系;重塑乡村社会信任,建构利益沟通协调体系。     

Body Surveillance Predicts Men’s and Women’s Perceived Loneliness: A Serial Mediation Model

Previous research on self-objectification mainly focuses on its influences on intrapersonal psychological distress whereas our study examined whether self-objectification would influence interpersonal distress (i.e., loneliness) and its corresponding mechanisms in a sample of American women and men recruited with MTurk. Participants’ self-objectification was indexed by their level of body surveillance, and we proposed that body surveillance would increase women’s and men’s tendency to experience shame about their body and decrease their general self-esteem, which would in turn predict their level of loneliness. A total of 373 Americans (235 women; Mdn_age?=?33 years-old, range?=?18–77) participated in the present study, and the results provided support for the proposed theoretical model. Specifically, we found that body surveillance positively predicted people’s body shame, and body shame negatively predicted self-esteem, which in turn predicted people’s loneliness. Moreover, this mediational model was not different between men and women. These results expand the scope of investigation by incorporating male samples, and they suggest that in addition to intrapersonal consequences, self-objectification can also influence people’s interpersonal well-being. Implications were discussed.