儿童在困难情景中的情绪反应

以80名二、五年级儿童为被试,采用临床访谈法,考察在困难情景中儿童的情绪反应,包括情绪类型、情绪表达、表达与否的理由和后继行为。结果表明:1)儿童报告羞愧/伤心多于生气,倾向于表达情绪,在解释是否表达情绪的原因时主要强洞自我保护和强调事实等理由,主要采取改变情景的后继行为。2)儿童倾向于表达生气,不表达羞愧/伤心。3)儿童对情绪反应各变量的认知还存在性别、年级和观众类型的个体差异。     

New job market entrants' future work self,career adaptability and job search outcomes: Examining mediating and moderating models

Based on career construction theory and the model of proactive motivation, the current research examined the mediating and moderating models for the relations among future work self, career adaptability, job search self-efficacy and employment status. A survey study was conducted among Chinese university graduates (N = 270). The results showed that future work self (measured at wave 1) had positive effect on employment status (measured at wave 3), with this relationship partially mediated by career adaptability (measured at wave 1) and job search self-efficacy (measured at wave 2). In addition, the results further revealed that the positive effect of future work self on job search self-efficacy was stronger among the graduates who had a higher level of career adaptability. In support of the hypothesized moderated mediation model, for individuals with a higher level of career adaptability, the indirect effect of future work self on employment status through job search self-efficacy was stronger. These findings carry implications for research on job search behavior, career education and career counseling.     

The association between parents' ethnic socialization and positive and negative interethnic contact among majority and minority groups in China and the moderating role of essentialism

In a multiethnic country like China, ethnic membership is an important dimension of social construction, and interethnic contact is a necessary component of social interactions. Family is the context where ethnic socialization takes place and where parents play a relevant role. The present study focused on the Hui-Han interethnic context. Measures of perceived parent's ethnic socialization, interethnic contact, and essentialism were administrated to Hui minority (N = 560) and Han majority (N = 954) secondary students. Results indicated that parents' positive ethnic socialization (cultural socialization/pluralism, promotion of harmony) was associated with greater positive and lower negative contact, while negative ethnic socialization (preparation for bias, promotion of mistrust) had opposite effects. Essentialist views of ethnicity moderated the associations of perceived parents' positive ethnic socialization with positive contact: the association between positive ethnic socialization and positive contact was stronger among individuals with lower (vs. higher) essentialist views. Results did not differ across the majority and the minority group. Implications for prompting positive interethnic interactions and preventing negative contact are discussed.     

成人气管、支气管异物误诊原因之辩证分析

气管、支气管异物是耳鼻喉科常见疾病,但成人气管、支气管异物较少见,因异物吸入史不明确、临床表现不典型,常易误诊。利用哲学原理辩证分析其误诊的主客观原因,以提高对成人气管、支气管异物认识,减少误诊,防止误治。哲学对于当前临床医学是十分重要的。     

Do 9-month-old infants expect distinct words to refer to kinds?

In 3 experiments, 9-month-old infants' expectations for what distinct count noun labels refer to were investigated. In Experiment 1, a box was opened to reveal 2 objects inside during familiarization: either 2 identical objects or 2 different objects. Test trials followed the same procedure, except before the box was opened, the contents were described using 2 distinct labels ("I see a wug! I see a dak!") or the same label twice ("I see a zav! I see a zav!"). Infants who heard a label repeated twice looked longer at 2 different objects versus 2 identical objects, whereas infants who heard 2 distinct labels showed a different pattern of looking. Experiments 2 and 3 presented infants with object pairs that only differed in shape or color, and it was found that infants expected the different-shaped (but not the different-colored) objects to be labeled by distinct count nouns. Because the property of shape is a cue to kind membership and the property of color is not, these results suggest that even at the beginning of word learning, infants may expect distinct labels to refer to distinct kinds of objects.     

培养科学的临床思维——由一例延误诊治病例引发的哲学反思

临床工作中,误诊误治在所难免,重要的是我们能否对其进行反思,从中积累经验教训提高诊疗水平。本文首先从哲学的角度分析了造成误诊的原因,然后指出防止或减少误诊的途径是培养科学的临床思维,并提出了在临床过程中培养科学临床思维应注意的8个方面。     

英国医疗保障制度的改革经验及对中国的启示

英国是福利型社会保障制度的国家,它的医疗保障制度有力地保障了国民的生命健康,而且在医疗消费方面体现了相对公平的原则,同时存在一些不足的地方.英国医疗保障制度有很多值得中国借鉴的地方,对中国卫生体制改革具有重要的启示作用.     

试论台湾佛教四大道场崛起的原因

台湾南部的佛光山、东部的慈济功德会、北部的法鼓山、中部的中台山,是台湾当代佛教崛起的四大道场,它掌握了台湾佛教界的大部份社会资源,已成台湾佛教发展的方向。这四大道场在短期内崛起有着多方面原因,如:有明确的目标、有各自的鲜明特点、创办者都是经营管理大师、有高超的口才、注意对人才吸收培养、注意与祖国大陆保持沟通和联系、积极向海外拓展、努力适应台湾社会的变化、与社会产生互动等。     

玄奘与《说无垢称经》的传译

《维摩诘经》是佛教传入中土后对中国文化产生重要影响的典籍之一,自东汉严佛调以迄唐代玄奘,曾历七次汉译。本文对玄奘重译此经的时间、缘由、文化背景及现实效果作了细致分析和讨论。