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81.
Thomas W. Farmer Cristin M. Hall Margaret P. Weiss Robert A. Petrin Judith L. Meece Michele Moohr 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(1):78-88
This study examined the school adjustment of adolescents with disabilities and their nondisabled peers in a national sample
of rural high school students. The total sample consisted of 7,376 students: 6,704 nondisabled students, 70 students with
emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), 512 students with learning disabilities (LD), and 90 students identified as English
language learners (ELL). Teacher ratings on the Interpersonal Competence Scale-Teacher (ICS-T) were used to assess students’
adjustment on seven factors: academic, affiliative, aggressive, internalizing, popular, Olympian, and shy. Cluster analyses
were used to identify distinct configurations of competence and risk separately for boys and girls. Differences between educational
classifications were identified for the ICS-T factors and for the interpersonal competence configurations. Students with EBD
were overrepresented in Multi-risk configurations (aggressive high-risk profiles), students with LD were overrepresented in
both the Multi-risk and Disengaged (non-aggressive high-risk profiles) configurations, and students identified as ELL were
overrepresented in Disengaged configurations. 相似文献
82.
Most horses have a side on which they are easier to handle and a direction they favour when working on a circle, and recent studies have suggested a correlation between emotion and visual laterality when horses observe inanimate objects. As such lateralisation could provide important clues regarding the horse’s cognitive processes, we investigated whether horses also show laterality in association with people. We gave horses the choice of entering a chute to left or right, with and without the passive, non-interactive presence of a person unknown to them. The left eye was preferred for scanning under both conditions, but significantly more so when a person was present. Traditionally, riders handle horses only from the left, so we repeated the experiment with horses specifically trained on both sides. Again, there was a consistent preference for left eye scanning in the presence of a person, whether known to the horses or not. We also examined horses interacting with a person, using both traditionally and bilaterally trained horses. Both groups showed left eye preference for viewing the person, regardless of training and test procedure. For those horses tested under both passive and interactive conditions, the left eye was preferred significantly more during interaction. We suggest that most horses prefer to use their left eye for assessment and evaluation, and that there is an emotional aspect to the choice which may be positive or negative, depending on the circumstances. We believe these results have important practical implications and that emotional laterality should be taken into account in training methods. 相似文献
83.
Building on the approach/inhibition theory of power and the situated focus theory of power, we examine the roles of positional and personal power on altruism and incivility in workplace dyads. Results from a field study in daycare centers showed that legitimate power (a dimension of positional power) was positively associated with incivility. In contrast, personal power—referent power and expert power—was positively associated altruism and was negatively associated with incivility. Referent power was a stronger predictor of both altruism and incivility for individuals with low humility than those with high humility. Coercive power was a stronger predictor of incivility for individuals with high humility than those with low humility. 相似文献
84.
Sharon L. Brenner Dannia G. Southerland Barbara J. Burns H. Ryan Wagner Elizabeth M. Z. Farmer 《Journal of child and family studies》2014,23(4):666-674
We describe the use of psychotropic medications among youth in treatment foster care (TFC). Data from 240 youth were coded to examine rates of medication use, including polypharmacy and an indicator of “questionable polypharmacy.” Fifty-nine percent of youth in TFC had taken a psychotropic medication within the past 2 months. Of the youth taking psychotropics, 61 % took two or more and 22 % met criteria for questionable polypharmacy. The majority of youth taking psychotropics also received psychosocial mental health services and were more likely to receive such services than youth not taking medication. Use of psychotropic medication use was not significantly related to demographic factors, maltreatment history, or custody. However, youth with more severe symptoms were more likely to be on medications and to be on multiple medications. Youth with “questionable polypharmacy” were less likely than other youth on multiple medications to have a recent visit to a psychiatrist. 相似文献
85.
Shabnam Javdani Jaleel Abdul-Adil Liza Suarez Sara R. Nichols A. David Farmer 《American journal of community psychology》2014,53(3-4):235-248
Previous research suggests that community violence impacts mental health outcomes, but much of this research has not (a) distinguished between different types of community violence, (b) examined gender differences, and (c) focused on youth living in urban poverty. The current study addresses these questions. Participants were 306 youth (23 % girls) and one parent/guardian receiving outpatient psychiatric services for disruptive behavior disorders in a large urban city. Youth and parents reported on youth’s experience of different types of community violence (being a direct victim, hearing reports, and witnessing violence), and whether violence was directed toward a stranger or familiar. Outcomes included youth externalizing, internalizing, and posttraumatic stress symptoms assessed via parent and youth reports. Being a direct victim of violence accords risk for all mental health outcomes similarly for both boys and girls. However, gender differences emerged with respect to indirect violence, such that girls who hear reports of violence against people they know are at increased risk for all assessed mental health outcomes, and girls who witness violence against familiars are at increased risk for externalizing mental health symptoms in particular. There are gender differences in violence-related mental health etiology, with implications for intervention assessment and design. 相似文献
86.
Sarah?A.?MustilloEmail author Shannon?Dorsey Elizabeth?M.?Z.?Farmer 《Journal of child and family studies》2005,14(4):577-590
We examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Trusting Relationship Questionnaire, a brief measure of
relationship quality between youth and community-based service providers involved in their care. Data on youth residing in
Therapeutic Foster Care and in Group Homes (N = 296) were collected. We identified a one-factor solution for the child version of the measure and a two-factor structure
for the adult version: child's perception of the relationship and adult's perception of the relationship. Both versions appear
to be highly reliable and possess adequate levels of construct, criterion, and discriminative validity. While no statistically
significant age differences were noted on the parent version, on the child version, older youth were more likely to report
lower relationship scores. Gender differences were found on both versions: Female youth reported higher scores on the child
version as did adults reporters of relationships with female youth, but only for the first factor—child's perception of the
relationship. Overall, the TRQ appears to capture the quality of the relationship between service providers and youth in their
care, thus bridging a gap in assessment measures. 相似文献
87.
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89.
This article examines the definition of personality disorders (PDs) from a functional analytical framework and discusses the potential utility of such a framework to account for behavioral tendencies associated with PD pathology. Also reviewed are specific behavioral assessment methods that can be employed in the assessment of PDs, and how information derived from these assessments may be linked to specific intervention strategies. 相似文献
90.
Neurolinguistic programming's hypothesized eye movements were measured independently using videotapes of 10 nonfluent aphasic and 10 control subjects matched for age and sex. Chi-squared analysis indicated that eye-position responses were significantly different for the groups. Although earlier research has not supported the hypothesized eye positions for normal subjects, the present findings support the contention that eye-position responses may differ between neurologically normal and aphasic individuals. 相似文献