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91.
We recently reported that blockade of dopamine (DA) D2 receptors attenuated deficits in long-term memory retrieval induced by a systemic injection of corticosterone, but the anatomical sites of such interaction were not known. In this study, we investigated whether the DA D2 receptors located in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) may play a role in the impairing effects of glucocorticoids on the memory retrieval process. Young adult male rats were trained in a one trial inhibitory avoidance task (0.5 mA, 3s footshock). On the retention test given 48 h after training, the latency to re-enter the dark compartment and the time spent in light compartment of the apparatus were recorded. Systemically administered corticosterone (1mg/kg) given to rats 30 min before retention testing impaired their memory retrieval. Bilateral microinjections of the DA D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (10 or 100 ng/0.5 microl per side) into the mPFC 30 min before corticosterone administration attenuated the glucocorticoid-induced impairment of memory retrieval. Furthermore, applied doses of sulpiride alone were ineffective in modulating memory retrieval. These findings indicate that D2 receptors located in the mPFC play an important role in mediating the impairing effects of glucocorticoids on memory retrieval. 相似文献
92.
Using quasi-experimental data, this article examines the relationship between religiosity and prosocial behavior. In contrast to previous studies that identify religious people by how often they attend religious services or by their self-reported religiosity, this study compares the behavior of highly devout students who are preparing to enter the clergy to the behavior of other students in a public goods game and in the dictator game. The results show that religious students were significantly more cooperative in the public goods game and significantly more generous in the dictator game than other students. 相似文献
93.
94.
Hifumi Ohnishi Farah A. Ibrahim Steven V. Owen 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2001,20(3):250-259
This research describes an exploratory factor analysis for the purposes of factorial validation for both the English and Japanese
versions of the Objective Measure of Ego-Identity Status (OMEIS)—Ideological version (Adams, Bennion, & Huh, 1989). The Japanese
OMEIS is a direct translation of the English OMEIS (Ohnishi, 1998). The study reports the factor structure of the OMEIS—Ideological
version in English and Japanese. A principal factor analysis (PFA) with both oblique and orthogonal solutions was performed.
Alpha reliabilities for the factors are presented. The present research compares and contrasts the factor structures of OMEIS—Ideological
version, derived from a U.S. sample and a Japanese sample, comprising women from late adulthood to middle age. Cultural differences
between the two sample populations are explored. 相似文献
95.
96.
The laterality of dreaming 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The cortical locus of dream generation could be lateralized to the right or left hemisphere, or be bilaterally represented with either equal or unequal contributions from each hemisphere. In this paper we review the neurological literature for cases of loss or alteration of dream report after brain damage. The distribution of lesion sites is used to test the various hypotheses concerning the laterality of dreaming. The hypothesis receiving best support is that dreaming is lateralized to the left hemisphere in individuals with typical neurologic organization. 相似文献
97.
M J Farah M J Soso R M Dasheiff 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》1992,18(1):241-246
Do mental images occur in a spatially mapped (i.e., analog, or array-format) representational medium? Kosslyn's (1978) method was used to measure the visual angle of "the mind's eye" to estimate the extent of the imagery medium before and after unilateral occipital lobectomy. It was found that the overall size of the largest possible image was reduced following the surgery. In addition, only the horizontal extent, and not the vertical extent, of the imagery medium was reduced. Finally, it was determined that the S understood the tasks, was not aware of our predictions, and was unaffected by a strong demand characteristic in a different imagery task. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that imagery occurs in a spatially mapped representational medium dependent on occipital cortex. 相似文献
98.
The present study investigated the possibility that women's ruminative response style to stressful events is due in part to differential advice that women and men receive from their social support networks. Undergraduates (60 men, 136 women) of various ethnic backgrounds (e.g., 21.4% English, 16.8% West Indian, 12.8% Chinese, 10.7% Italian) indicated the extent to which they would endorse various statements of advice for a stimulus person described as experiencing a negative life event. As predicted, subjects endorsed more ruminative advice for female stimulus persons than for male stimulus persons (p< .02). These findings imply that, since females in stressful situations seem more likely to receive ruminative advice than do their male counterparts, women's greater vulnerability to depressive symptoms may be partly the result of the concomitant dangers of stressful events and potentially harmful advice. 相似文献
99.
100.
Effects of fasting on visual flicker fusion 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Two experiments are reported which investigated the effects of fasting on visual flicker fusion (VFF). In Exp. 1 the VFF of 40 undergraduate students, 20 men and 20 women, whose mean age was 22.5 yr., was measured in nonfasting conditions 1 to 2 weeks before and in fasting conditions during the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan. In Exp. 2 the VFF of a comparable group of 15 men and 15 women, whose mean age was 23.2 yr., was measured in a different month in both fasting and nonfasting conditions. Subjects were assigned randomly to these two conditions. Analysis shows that fasting reduced VFF significantly in both experiments. This finding indicates that fasting is likely to reduce perceptual sensitivity. The results were explained in terms of fatigue and physical exhaustion effects produced by fasting. 相似文献