大学生自信与成就动机的现况与干预

采用PEI问卷和成就动机量表对某大学三个选修课班级的大学生进行测试,并探讨大学生心理健康教育对大学生的影响效果.结果发现:1、男女大学生在PEI的"体育运动"和"外表"分量表上存在显著性差异;来自农村与来自城市的大学生相比,在PEI "与人交谈"分量表上得分存在显著性差异.2、学期初,实验班与对照班的大学生在PEI各分量表和成就动机各维度上不存在显著性差异;学期末,他们在PEI的"心境"、" 学业表现"、" 外表"分量表和成就动机"追求成功"维度上存在显著性差异.     

How Does Residents’ Satisfaction with Community Services Influence Quality of Life (QOL) Outcomes?

Grzeskowiak et al. [Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy 33(2):1–36, 2003] conducted a study that empirically tested a model that integrates the relationships among determinants and outcomes of residents’ satisfaction with community services. We build on their model in attempt to explain how residents’ satisfaction with community services influence satisfaction with the community at large (community well-being) and satisfaction with life (quality of life). Specifically, we hypothesized and empirically demonstrated for the most part that satisfaction with a variety of community services (e.g., services related to housing, education, government, healthcare, employment, religion, public safety, retailing, transportation, and leisure) affect satisfaction with the community and life overall through satisfaction in a variety of life domains (e.g., family, social, leisure, health, financial, cultural, consumer, work, spiritual, and environmental domains).     

美国健康战略及启示

介绍了美国健康战略出台的背景,并重点介绍了美国“健康公民2010”战略的目标、优先领域、主要健康指标以及相应的行动计划,比较了美国“健康公民2000”和“健康公民2010”的异同,在此基础上总结了美国健康战略发展的基本特点与经验,并提出了对我国制定和实施“健康中国2020”战略的启示。     

英国健康战略的特点及启示

介绍了英国健康战略的出台背景、战略愿景、目标、优先发展领域和具体的行动计划,在此基础上总结了英国健康战略实施过程的基本特点与经验,并提出了对我国制定和实施“健康中国2020”战略的相关启示。     

关于“代孕爸爸”事件的生命伦理与法律问题思考

全球首位“代孕爸爸”托马斯·比提的高调出现,带来了一场激烈的关于生命伦理与法律的大讨论。变性人的婚姻、生育及代孕问题让我们不得不对变性手术、人工辅助生殖技术以及代孕技术这些新兴生命技术进行再思考。我们不仅要肯定新兴生命技术的合理性,也要防止其所产生的潜在负面影响。合理利用新兴生命技术,客观地分析该事件并制定相应的法规是避免出现伦理道德和社会混乱的有效途径。     

印顺与拉纳的人本主义思想之比较

虽然印顺与拉纳拥有不同的宗教信仰和文化背景,但他们都是关注人间、人性和现实问题的宗教思想家。这一特征在印顺的菩萨论与拉纳的基督论上得到了最集中的体现,因为两者都有试图在自己最核心的宗教观念上摆脱"天神化"或"抽象化"的倾向,并且通过回归"人间"和"人性"来建立以人为本的理论体系。本文分别以这两种理论为例,对他们的人本主义思想加以比较研究,以期能够促进佛教与基督宗教之间的对话和交流。     

Conceptualizing Media Stimuli in Experimental Research: Psychological Versus Attribute‐Based Definitions

This paper argues for a clearer conceptualization of media stimuli in experimental research and identifies 3 issues impeding our understanding of message processing: (a) assumptions bolstered by manipulation checks about homogeneity of response to media stimuli, (b) conflation of 2 different classes of variables—media attributes and psychological states, and (c) discrepancies between the conceptual model and operational‐level hypotheses used to test research questions. To provide a more comprehensive framework for investigating media effects in experimental research, we argue for a clearer conceptual separation between message attributes and user perceptions and apply a mediation model of information processing to overcome the limitations of conventional approaches. Subjected to 2 empirical tests involving the assessment of Web‐based media, the model finds an increase in explained variance in each instance.     

The Cognitive Architecture of Perceived Animacy: Intention,Attention, and Memory

Human vision supports social perception by efficiently detecting agents and extracting rich information about their actions, goals, and intentions. Here, we explore the cognitive architecture of perceived animacy by constructing Bayesian models that integrate domain‐specific hypotheses of social agency with domain‐general cognitive constraints on sensory, memory, and attentional processing. Our model posits that perceived animacy combines a bottom–up, feature‐based, parallel search for goal‐directed movements with a top–down selection process for intent inference. The interaction of these architecturally distinct processes makes perceived animacy fast, flexible, and yet cognitively efficient. In the context of chasing, in which a predator (the “wolf”) pursues a prey (the “sheep”), our model addresses the computational challenge of identifying target agents among varying numbers of distractor objects, despite a quadratic increase in the number of possible interactions as more objects appear in a scene. By comparing modeling results with human psychophysics in several studies, we show that the effectiveness and efficiency of human perceived animacy can be explained by a Bayesian ideal observer model with realistic cognitive constraints. These results provide an understanding of perceived animacy at the algorithmic level—how it is achieved by cognitive mechanisms such as attention and working memory, and how it can be integrated with higher‐level reasoning about social agency.     

天然自身抗体的研究及其哲学思考

天然自身抗体（NAA）是指在没有任何抗原主动免疫的情况下，正常机体内存在的针对一种或多种自身抗原的抗体，具有多种功能。自Landsteier提出正常人血清中存在NAA以来，人们对NA的认识由浅到深。有研究认为天然自身抗体的基本功能为调控正常机体的自身反应，维持免疫自稳态的平衡，阻止病理性自身免疫的发生。     

相互作用·本质契合与规律生成——兼与鲁品越教授商榷

《哲学动态》2008年第5期发表了鲁品越教授《生成论规律观与马克思主义哲学原理建设》一文。(以下简称鲁文)其文观点独到,令人耳目一新,读后深受启发。下面结合鲁文所论,来谈谈自己的一些思考和体会,以求得到指正。一鲁文认为,客观规律在事物相互作用中生成。对此,我深以为然。