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Events have beginnings, ends, and often overlap in time. A major question is how perceivers come to parse a stream of multimodal information into meaningful units and how different event boundaries may vary event processing. This work investigates the roles of these three types of event boundaries in constructing event temporal relations. Predictions were made based on how people would err according to the beginning state, end state, and overlap heuristic hypotheses. Participants viewed animated events that include all the logical possibilities of event temporal relations, and then made temporal relation judgments. The results showed that people make use of the overlap between events and take into account the ends and beginnings, but they weight ends more than beginnings. Neural network simulations showed a self-organized distinction when learning temporal relations between events with overlap versus those without. 相似文献
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The isolated elements and variability effects of cognitive load theory were used to alter the element interactivity of Chinese characters when instructing novice learners (72 overseas students at a Chinese university) in writing characters using worked examples-practice procedures. A group of characters with more than eight strokes was disassembled into three individual components. Students were required to trace examples and practice writing of either similar sequences of isolated components followed by integrated components of full characters (Isolated–Integrated sequences); variable sequences of isolated followed by integrated components (Variability–Integrated sequences); or conventional Integrated–Integrated sequences of full characters. It was hypothesized that the fully integrated stroke-movements form of example-practice sequences would result in less learning due to a greater cognitive load. The results demonstrated that the participants in both the Isolated–Integrated and Variable–Integrated groups performed significantly better than the Integrated–Integrated group with the Variable–Integrated group outperforming the Isolated–Integrated group. 相似文献
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Erica M. Bednar Michael T. WalshJr. Ellen Baker Kimberly I. Muse Holly D. Oakley Rebekah C. Krukenberg Cara S. Dresbold Sandra B. Jenkinson Amanda L. Eppolito Kelly B. Teed Molly H. Klein Nichole A. Morman Elizabeth C. Bowdish Pauline Russ Emaline E. Wise Julia N. Cooper Michael W. Method John W. Henson Andrew V. Grainger Banu K. Arun Karen H. Lu 《Journal of genetic counseling》2018,27(6):1482-1496
An environmental scan (ES) is an efficient mixed-methods approach to collect and interpret relevant data for strategic planning and project design. To date, the ES has not been used nor evaluated in the clinical cancer genetics setting. We created and implemented an ES to inform the design of a quality improvement (QI) project to increase the rates of adherence to national guidelines for cancer genetic counseling and genetic testing at three unique oncology care settings (OCS). The ES collected qualitative and quantitative data from reviews of internal processes, past QI efforts, the literature, and each OCS. The ES used a data collection form and semi-structured interviews to aid in data collection. The ES was completed within 6 months, and sufficient data were captured to identify opportunities and threats to the QI project’s success, as well as potential barriers to, and facilitators of guideline-based cancer genetics services at each OCS. Previously unreported barriers were identified, including inefficient genetic counseling appointment scheduling processes and the inability to track referrals, genetics appointments, and genetic test results within electronic medical record systems. The ES was a valuable process for QI project planning at three OCS and may be used to evaluate genetics services in other settings. 相似文献
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从理论上概述了各时期监测定义的演变以及相关伦理辩论,列举了公共卫生监测所引发的普遍的伦理问题及适用的主要伦理原则,揭示了临床医学和公共卫生中伦理问题的不同。人权是个人利益和集体利益的共同基础,因此,也可能是临床伦理和公共卫生伦理的共同基础。最后,依据《世界卫生组织关于公共卫生监测中伦理问题的指南》及其他文献列出多种公共卫生伦理标准,试图在实际工作中帮助评估公共卫生监测方案在伦理上的可接受性。 相似文献
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植物药复方是中医辨证施治的主要手段。药物是通过蛋白质起作用的。蛋白质复杂多样的功能与其时空的复杂演变密切相关,复方如何对蛋白质时空产生影响、如何对其结构与功能发生作用以及两者之间相互作用、相互影响的深入研究可能发现新的生命现象,为阐明疾病发病机理以及植物药的创新研制奠定理论基础和提供技术支持。 相似文献
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The personality construct of hardiness, III: Relationships with repression, innovativeness, authoritarianism, and performance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Previous research has established hardiness as a dispositional factor in preserving and enhancing performance and health despite stressful circumstances. The present four studies continue this construct-validational process by (a) introducing a shortened version of the hardiness measure and (b) testing hypotheses concerning the relationship between hardiness and repressive coping, right-wing authoritarianism, innovative behavior, and billable hours (a measure of consulting effectiveness). Results of these studies suggest the adequate reliability and validity of the Personal Views Survey III-R, which is the shortened, 18-item measure of hardiness. Further, results support the hypothesis that the relationship of hardiness is negative with repressive coping and right-wing authoritarianism and positive with innovative behavior and billable hours. Hardiness also appears unrelated to socially desirable responding. 相似文献